不同體能高齡者的生活空間需求研究

ADL Performance and Dependence on Facility Design for the Elderly

統計數字顯示，台灣的人口逐漸邁向高齡化。隨著人口老化而衍生出銀髮族居住的需求，「健康」與「環境設計」因此成為高齡者安養環境設計重要議題。本研究以使用者觀點出發，探討國內完全獨立生活到生活輕度依賴階段的老人，其相對生活空間之需求。以半結構式問卷，佐以一對一訪談之方式，蒐集社區、門診、機構三組，年齡在65歲以上之長者，意識清醒，居住於北台灣，共118位受訪者。研究結果顯示：老人由獨立生活（ADL=100）到重度依賴（ADL<50）間，長者對不同使用空間種類的需求有明顯改變。因此自我照顧能力改變對環境需求有相對影響，隨著老化造成的健康狀況改變，老人由獨立生活到輕度依賴，對空間需求上明顯提升，為符合使用者期望，應建構適當戶外休閒空間及公共服務設施，作為健康促進及提供生活訓練之場所。

The purpose of Cluster of Living Style is to establish a small elderly humane environment within a large living group to avoid institutionalization. Since the aging process may influence the approaches to long-term care, the issue of 'health' and 'environmental design' becomes vital. This user-oriented study attempts to identify the factors of constructing the cluster of living style for the elderly with functional abilities ranging from living independently to dependently, and their relevant needs for living space. One-to-one interviews were conducted with the elderly living in a community, care centers, and treated in a rehabilitation outpatient department. In total, 118 subjects who were 65 years old or over, consciously clear and living in northern Taiwan, were interviewed. The results of the study demonstrate that the need for space is sifting as the abilities of the elderly is aging from live independently to lower level of dependency. It is hoped that the results of the study can serve as a useful reference for the operation and design strategies for those running a care center.