日治末期戰爭環境下的臺灣美術設計

Taiwan Graphic Design in War Environment in the End of Japanese Colonial Period

日治末期（1937-1945），台灣全島籠罩在「國民精神總動員」的戰時體制，以及「皇民化運動」的社會環境中。在此種社會環境的影響下，當時的美術設計由於肩負著戰時宣傳的時代使命，因而具有濃厚的戰爭氣氛與時勢色彩，並形成了特殊的設計表現風貌。本文係以日據末期戰爭環境下的台灣美術設計，作為研究探討之對象，利用歷史研究法，透過對於相關文獻資料的蒐集、整理，並配合田野調查法進行各種美術設計作品資料之蒐集整理，進而以分析、歸類，以瞭解此階段台灣美術設計之表現形式、風格特色與發展，以印證當時的設計表現與戰爭環境社會之關係。研究結果發現：1.在戰爭的特殊環境下，當時的美術設計常被殖民統治者用以作為戰時宣傳與精神統戰之工具。因而，這些官方宣傳媒體大多作戰爭相關主題的設計，甚至一般民間生活中的各種美術設計，亦在戰爭氛圍中呼應時勢作戰爭色彩的表現。2.當時常作為戰時宣傳之設計主題包括有：國家軍威的展現與宣傳、戰時政令的宣達與推行、戰時官方活動舉辦的宣傳、戰線後方備戰的宣導。3.雖然當時的美術設計是以戰爭作為其中心主題，但在西方現代設計思潮及日本國內設計流行的影響下，設計的表現風格主要以當時西方盛行的「裝飾藝術」（Art Deco），作為仿傚之對象，並呼應戰時環境需求，而以簡潔、明瞭易於訊息傳達的表現為主。4.在當時美術設計之表現中，各種與戰爭相關的設計語彙或圖像運用普遍，包括有英勇戰士、作戰武器、日本帝國旗幟，戰爭隱喻圖像等各種視覺符號。

In the end of Japanese Colonial Period （1937 ~ 1945）, the whole island, Taiwan, was enveloped in the war system of 'National Spirit-'s Total Mobilization'（國民精神總動員） and social environment of 'Japanization Movement'（皇民化運動）. In the influence of such special social environment, the graphic design then not only serve as the mission of propaganda in war, but also contained the war atmosphere strong and trend flavor. The object studied in this text is Taiwan graphic design in the environment at the end of Japanese Colonial Period, and engaged in the collection and arrangement of various graphic design works with the way of field work, and the history research through the collection of concerned documents and information, then, analyzed and classified, to understand the expression form, style characteristics, and development of Taiwan graphic design then, and confirm the relationship between design expression at that time and environmental society in war. The result can be found from this research as follows : 1.In the special situation of the war, the design at that time was the tool of war propaganda and spiritual unity by the colonized ruler. Therefore, most concerned subject of war was designed by these official mediums at that time, and the war color also expressed in various graphic design in local living due to the atmosphere of war. 2.At that time, the design subject of war propaganda included : propaganda and display of country's military power, promotion and notice of government decree, propaganda of the official activities held on the war, and propaganda and guide of war-preparing to rear-area. 3.Even though the subject of the graphic design at that time was the war, but with the influence of western modern design trend and Japanese popular design, the main imitation object of design style was Art Deco very popular in the West; for coordinating with the requirement of the environment on war, transmitted the message mainly with expression simply and easy-understanding. 4.In the expression of the graphic design at that time, the concerned design vocabulary and icon of war used generally, included : brave soldiers, weapons, Japanese Empire's flag, icon of war, etc.