護理人員與病患照護服務員下背痛之相關因素探討

Low Back Pain Related Factors in Nursing Staff and Caregivers

背景：醫院臨床中護理人員扮演著照護病患的工作，護理人員佔醫院人力的33%，且護理人員之工作與病患照護服務員之工作性質工作為接觸病患的第一線服務人員，然而工作環境中卻存在著許多職業災害。由於護理工作性質的關係發生下背痛的比例相當高，此一疾患亦常造成護理工作的不適任，間接成為護理人員離職與影響護理品質的原因。因護理人員下背痛的問題不僅僅會影響護理工作的執行、工時的損失，更進一步會造成護理人力的流失、護理品質、病患安全疑慮等原因。目的：就文獻資料及護理人員之反應發現到護理人員有下背痛的比率非常高，但是對於為何會產生下背痛的原因未能有一完整性的探討，故以探討護理人員職場為何未產生高發生率之下背痛為此研究目的。方法：本調查係針對中部某區域教學醫院126 名護理人員，利用自擬式結構問卷加以探討。結果：護理人員下背痛的發生率係高達88.9%，護理工作單位下背痛盛行率前三位的單位係開刀房、外科病房、洗腎室。此研究結果並發現到護理人員下背痛的發生率與其護理工作如翻身、搬病人有顯著關係。結論／實務應用：希望藉由此議題的探討加強護理人員對此疾患的預防，以降低職業傷害、間接提升護理人員的工作滿意度。

Background: Clinical nursing staff account for 33% of the hospital workforce who care for patients in hospitals. Nursing staff and caregivers are in the first line contacting patients, with many occupational injuries occurring in the hospital settings. A high proportion of lower back pain occurs due to the nature of nursing care and illness often rendering nursing staff unfit to work. Such a condition indirectly leads to greater staff turnover, negatively affecting nursing quality. Lower back pain not only affects the implementation of nursing care and the loss of working hours, but also depletes the nursing workforce, reduces nursing quality, and raising doubts about patient safety. Objective: A high percentage of lower back pain in nursing staff is documented in the literature. However, there is no thorough investigation related to the root causes of the pain and the reasons for seeking medical treatment. As a result, the aim of this study was to investigate the causes of the frequent occurrences of lower back pain in nursing staff in the workplace. Method: This study conducted a self-administered structural questionnaire survey for 126 nursing staff in a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan. Results: The rate of lower back pain in nursing staff was as high as 88.9%. The top three nursing units in respect to lower back pain were the operating room, surgical ward, and hemodialysis department, respectively. The results of the study found the occurrence of nurses’lower back pain was strongly correlated with nursing practices such as turning over and moving patients. Conclusion/Practice and Application: This study aimed to raise nursing staff’s awareness of lower back pain prevention, reduce occupational injuries and indirectly increase the job satisfaction of nursing staff.