重思文化遺產的真實性概念－－從過去到現在的理解

Reconsidering the Concept of Authenticity in Cultural Heritage: The Comprehension from the Past to the Present

文化遺產的維護是一項複雜且具挑戰性的工作，在真實性觀念的引導下，又面臨一個相當哲學性的思考。由於對真實性概念的模糊，在文化差異下對真實性的認知也有所不同，因而在實質的維護工作上經常產生問題。本研究藉由相關的論述和國際維護文獻的分析與探討，指出真實性是一個相對性的觀念(不是真的就是假的)；在文化多樣性與遺產多樣性的考量下，真實性以一種「在地性」的觀念思考，包括對文化遺產的價值或文化重大意義的理解，也具認同之意。由於不同時間、不同地區對價值的理解不同，真實性並不能固定於一個標準之中，在歷史編纂學的考究下，價值甚有變動之情形，因此必須要有個動態的保存觀，才能確保真實性。

Conservation of cultural heritages is a complicated and challenging work, and under the guidance of authenticity concept, it faces a very philosophical thinking. Because of the ambiguity of authenticity concept, as well as distinct recognitions of authenticities by different cultures, the real conservation work often confronts problems. By way of analyses and explorations of relevant paper discussions as well as international cultural conservation literatures, this study points out that authenticity is in fact a relative concept. In consideration of the diversities of cultures and heritages, authenticity is actually a 'local' concept that comes with the comprehension of the values or significant meanings of the cultural heritage, also an implication of recognition. Since the comprehension of value is different for different times and regions, there is no way of constraining authenticity with only one standard, and from the historiography stand, values can even be altered, hence it is necessary to keep a dynamic perspective on heritage conservation, in order to ensure authenticity.