南韓教育平準化政策對台灣十二年國民教育實施之啟示

The Enlightenment of South Korea’s Equalization Policy in Education toward the Implementation of Taiwan’s 12-Year Compulsory Education

南韓與台灣在歷史背景與教育文化的發展脈絡相似，南韓為了改善升學主義掛帥與競爭激烈升學環境，實施平準化教育政策，然而褒貶參半，最後仍舊走向「一試定終身」的模式。本文以文獻分析法與比較教育法探討南韓教育改革之脈絡與成敗，並提出避免教育不均的階級分化現象，降低家長補習教育費用負擔、建立扎實的量化評鑑指標，作為客觀的教育興革參考依據、與家長及學子建立共識，落實配套設施的設置、重視體育教育，發展全人教育的目標之建議；時值台灣十二年國教政策上路之關鍵時刻，鄰近南韓的教育改革經驗將可借鑑，截長補短進而達到提升台灣國民學力與適性揚才之目標。

There are similarities between Taiwan and South Korea in the context of history background and educational culture. To improve the competitive exam-oriented learning environment， the authority of South Korea had carried out the educational equalization policy. However， this policy had obtained both praises and disparages， and eventually， South Korea had no choice but going back to the entrance exam policy by which the students’ future careers were decided through a single decisive exam. This study uses literature analysis and comparative analysis to explore the educational reform in South Korea. The implications for 12-year compulsory education in Taiwan are proposed: the abolition of unbalanced class differentiation， the decrease of expense burden in cram schools， the establishment of concrete indicators for the quantized evaluation， the reform of employment policy， and the emphasis on physical education and all-around education. The implications proposed can help to reach objectives of t he enhancement of citizens’ academic achievement and the development of students’ talents.