增強式訓練強度之生物力學量化指標

The Quantitative Index of Plyometric Training Intensity in Biomechanics

近30年來增強式訓練廣為應用在爆發力訓練的課表中，且在訓練的成效上有顯著的效果。增強式訓練的動作是利用自身體重為負荷，訓練動作多樣且動作強度不同，在訓練強度上不像阻力訓練有一套強度設定的標準，為了使得增強式訓練目的明確且效果能更加顯著，本文整理過去有關量化增強式訓練強度的文獻，探討地面反作用力、發力率、關節反作用力、反應性力量指標、回復穩定時間、最大垂直跳高度等生物力學參數與方法。其中反應性力量指標或最大垂直跳高度、修改的反應性力量指標與回復穩定時間的方法分別能用來評估高台落下跳躍與地面施做的增強式訓練，相對來說比較方便、快速且有好的信度指標。希望能藉由這些資訊提供給教練選手在訓練過程中動作的選擇，以增加增強式訓練效果和預防傷害。

In the last 3 decades, plyometric training has been used as an effective training program to develop muscular power. The plyometric exercise is a certain type of resistance training using the athlete's body weight as the loading. There are various intensities of plyometric exercises, but there is no standardized intensity for plyometric exercise as for resistance training. This article reviewed previous researches related to quantifying the intensity of plyometric exercise using the parameters and methods of biomechanics, such as ground reaction force (GRF), rate of force development (RFD), joint reaction force (JRF), reactive strength index (RSI), time to stabilization (TTS) and maximal jump height (MJH). The RSI, MJH, TTS and modified RSI can conveniently and quickly be used to quantify the plyometric exercise. The authors hoped to provide coaches and athletes these parameters and methods as a reference when choosing their training exercise to enhance the performance and prevent the injury.