論共同危險行為規則之無因果關係免責－－以「侵權責任法」第10條之解釋為中心

Noncasual Relationship Amounting to Exemption of Liability in the Rules of the Joint Dangerous Conduct - On the Interpretation of Article 10 of the Tort Law of the People's Republic of China

無因果關係即免責是共同危險行為規則的題中應有之義，也是國際通行做法，我國《侵權責任法》第10條應作此解釋。將《侵權責任法》第10條解釋為“不許共同危險行為人證明無因果關係而免責、只有證明具體侵權人方可免責”，存在否定推定邏輯、誇大全體免責之憂、陷入查明加害人激勵悖論、誤解“不能夠確定具體侵權人”、本末倒置“能夠確定具體侵權人”、違背免責事由原理、過度制裁行為人、過分糾結於條文字面比較等缺陷。

Noncasual relationship amounting to exemption of liability is incorporated in the rules of the joint dangerous conduct, and is the international customary practice as well. Article 10 of the Tort Law of the People's Republic of China shall adopt this kind of interpretation. Should article 10 be interpre­ted as that the joint dangerous actors cannot be exempted from liabilities by proving the existence of non­casual relationship, and that they are exempted only when the specific tortfeasorhas beenidentified, there would be certain defects as follows, among others, denying the presumptive logic, exaggerating the over­all exemption of liabilities, falling into the incentive paradox of ascertaining the tortfeasor, misunder­standing the meaning of 'unfeasibility of determining the specific tortfeasor'，putting the cart before the horse by 'feasibly determining the specific tortfeasor', violating the Excusatio Principle, excessively sanctioning the actors, immersing in the literal comparison between the legal provisions etc.