航空業勞動三權研究－－以我國復興航空與美國西北航空爭議案為例

Workers' Rights to Organize, Bargain, and Act Collectively in the Airline Industry: A Comparative Study on the Labor Disputes of Taiwanese TransAsia Airways and American Northwest Airlines

1998年8月台灣復興航空公司65位飛行員集體請辭，同一時間美國西北航空公司6,200位飛行員罷工，本研究以比較研究法針對這兩個爭議案進行研究，比較的項目有四個：勞資爭議處理程序、勞工組織策略與行動、雇主策略與行動、政府角色，資料收集方法包括了相關文獻、網路資料和深度訪談。本研究發現復興航空勞資爭議案是一權利事項的爭議案，由於勞方爭議當事人沒有工會組織，在爭議對抗中顯然居於劣勢；65位飛行員係集體請辭，並非因集體協商不成而行使爭議權的罷工行為；復興航空爭議案只能調解，無法仲裁，對勞工相當不利，此一爭議處理制度需要檢討；勞方當事人的動輒請辭並不值得鼓勵，但勞工的團結權、協商權和爭議權是基本勞動三權，雇主和政府應有所認知並給予保護。本研究建議：加強組織工會是勞工事務的首要任務；我國的勞資爭議處理制度需要作大幅的調整與修正，並與集體協商制度相互配合；雇主在進行各種人事成本和管理策略上之調整，應與勞方作事前充份的溝通，以化解執行時之阻力。

Sixty-five pilots of the TransAsia Airways collectively resigned on August 24, 1998 and started the first substantialstoppage in Taiwanese airline industry.At the same time,6,200 pilots of the NorthwestAirlinescalled on a strike in the United States.Using a comparativeapproachthis paper analyzes the workers' right to act collectively of these two dispute cases.Four aspects of thedisputesare investigatedand compared:thelabordisputeresolution system, the strategyof labor, the strategyof airline owners, and the role of the governmentagencies.This studyfindsthat lack of a unionbecomesthe weakness oftheworkers inTransAsia dispute. This study suggests that:1）Organizingtheworkersshouldbe thefirstpriorityforthe labor movementin Taiwan.2）The labor disputeresloutionsystem in Taiwanshould be adjusted and the revision of the Labor-ManagmentDispute SettlementLaw should parallel with the promotion of the collective bargaining mechanism. 3） Employers are pursuinglowerlabor cost, more flexibilityand competitiveness.A prior consultationand fullcommunicationwiththeworkersconcernedare highly recommended.