工作場所禁煙在美國所引起之法律爭議

Legal Issues Concerning Smoking in the Workplace in the United States

在美國，二手煙所造成之健康危害已日受重視，而各級政府及企業所頒布之各類禁煙措施亦漸趨普遍，因此所引發之法律爭議也益形增加，如何平衡不吸煙及吸煙受雇者之個別權益，即成為該國工作場所規範新興課題之一。本文試對該國這項新發展趨勢做一簡要說明，以做為我國日後處理這類可能發生的勞資爭議參考之用。

In recent years, changes in societal attitudes towards smoking have affectedsignificantlyemployee-employerrelationsin the United States.In order to prevent damage caused by second-hand smoking, government and enterprise regulationof smoking in private workplace has become gradually widespreadand numerouslegal controversieshave increaseddrastically.How to balancethe separate interests and rights of non-smokingemployeeswith smokers has become one of the new issuesin the workplaceand employers, labor union, courts, and labor arbitratorshave been drawn into this controversybetweentwo competing claims.This articletries to make a briefaccountof this new trendin the American workplace and analyze its implications.