公共部門的集體協商－－美國公務人員的經驗

Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector-The American Experience

集體協商是勞資關係系統中最重要的一個機制，歐美工業國家集體協商涵蓋範圍很大，我國僅有3％－4％的涵蓋範圍，屬「非集體協商型」勞資關係模式。最近「團體協約法」修正草案中規定勞資雙方應誠意協商，而「工會法」修正草案中也要規範壓制工會的不公平勞動行為，最近「公務員基準法」和「教師法」草案中對公教人員的團結權、協商權和爭議權有所定位，這些都將對我國公共部門的受僱者產生重要影響。
本論文主要以美國公共部門的集體協商為探討對象，首先針對公共部門勞工組織和協商權進行分析，然後說明誰是雇主以及協商過程，再探討規範公共部門勞動法令以及協商範疇，最後則介紹最受爭議的罷工權和爭議處理程序。藉由美國的經驗，在日後我國公共部門集體協商的設計推動中，應該可以避免一些不必要的錯誤。

Collective bargaining is one of the most important tools of any industrial relations system. In the majority of industrialized nations the collective bargaining coverage rates are substantially higher than the coverage rate 3－4% reached in Taiwan, whose system would be considered as a "non-bargaining model." The revised version of the Collective Agreement Law, which was ratified by the Executive Yuan recently, requires employers and unions to negotiate in good faith, Some unfair labor practices are prohibited in related labor laws' revised versions. The exercises of organization, negotiation, and industrial action rights are also partly added to the drafts of Teacher Law and Functionary Standard Law. All these development will significantly influence the public sector emloyees in Taiwan. The author examined the practices of collective bargaining in the American public sector focusing on workers at all government levels. Union organizations and negotiation rights was first introduced, then the analysis of management role, labor laws, contents of bargaining, and dispute settlement procedures. It is anticipated that under the revised drafts of labor laws there will be a great growth of bargaining cases in public sector in Taiwan. By looking at the American experience, we can hopefully learn some lessons that will help us build a better system for Taiwan's future.