國際間的生產力差異：工會能否提供一個合理的詮釋？

International Productivity Differences: Can Trade Unionism Explain Them?

本文旨在探討工會與勞動生產力之間的關係。樣本包括九個OECD國家與西元1960～1988年之時間。本研究發現：工會與勞動生產力（或勞動生產力成長）之間所呈現的關係，為一U型，並非單純的線性關係。勞動生產力先隨著工會組繚率的的增加而遞減，至某一定點後，則隨著工會組織率的增加而增加，在統合主義型態的勞工政策下，工會組繚率與勞動生產力之間為正向關係。進而言之，集中型（中央層次）集體協商的產業關係體系，其平均勞動生產力與勞動生產力成長，均優於分散型（地方層次）集體協商的產業關係體系。本研究結果支持Olson（1982）和Calmfors and driffill（1988）等研究的論點。

Using three different productivity approaches, this study examines the impacts of unionization and labor market institutions on national productivity and productivity growth among nine OECD countries over a relatively long period: 1960-1988. A U-shaped relationship is found between the degree of unionization and national output. Moreover, "corporatism" interacting with unionism shows a positive and significant influence on national productivity, and countries with centralized wage bargaining system are more productive than those with intermediate and decentralized bargaining system.