詩之變，情之正－－沈德潛《唐詩別裁》評選杜甫五古變體的詩學意涵

Shen Deqian on Du Fu's Five-Character Poems: Change in Style and Expression of Disoposition

沈德潛《唐詩別裁》以「詩之變，情之正」論杜甫五古，選錄〈自京赴奉先縣詠懷五百字〉、〈北征〉為杜甫五古變體之作。與歷代詩評家相論，沈德潛不僅以「變」凸顯杜甫在創作方面的特色與地位，也肯定杜甫五古變體的價值。沈德潛同時運用文學史、文體知識的批評視野，使他能看見杜甫五古之變與變體特徵；其「詩教」重視「性情」的論詩宗旨，也使他進一步思考杜甫書寫五古變體的深層原因。沈德潛以變論杜的詩學論述，給予現當代讀者一個寶貴的啟發：杜甫突破五古寫作傳統，勇敢地回應自身情感，恣肆地書寫，繼而生發「創造的勇氣」，這能更好地回應今日閱讀杜詩的理由。

Shen Deqian emphasizes that “change” and “creativity” are characteristic of Du-Fu’s five-character poems and confirms that Du-Fu’s modification of five-character poetry is of great worth. In the meantime Shen Deqian recognizes the way Du-Fu modifies five-character poetry, with Shen’s knowledge of literary history and stylistics. His research on the expression of characters’ disposition in poetry also makes him further think about the underlying reason why Du-Fu wrote the “variants of five-character poems”.