融合設置成本與前置時間之整合存貨模型

An Integrated Inventory Model of the Combination Lead Time and Setup Cost

在現今競爭激烈的市場環境中，企業的決策不再只是謀求獨立個體的利益，而是尋求供應鏈全體成員的最大利益。然而，及時化生產系統則透過買賣雙方密切合作，來縮短前置時間與小批量多次運送以降低存貨水準，提升企業整體競爭力與利潤。本研究即在買賣雙方合作的前提下，提出可控制前置時間下降低設置成本之單一買方與單一賣方及單一產品的整合存貨模型，在需求量服從常態分配下，採用不相等批量且多次運送的方式將產品運交給買方，其建構一個以前置時間、運送次數、運送批量、訂購量與設置成本為決策變數的整合性存貨模式。決定其買賣雙方最佳的生產/訂購的策略，使得買賣雙方總成本最低，並針對本模式建立一套演算法，最後則以數值範例來加以說明與驗證。

In today’s highly competitive market environment, the decision-making of the enterprise is no longer simply seeking profits of individual interests, but rather the best interests of all members of the supply chain. In recent years, the rise of just-in-time (JIT) strategy has successfully combined the consumer-supplier cooperation, through a close relationship of the two, with less purchase and more shipping, and a shorter production time, JIT is able to reduce the inventory level. The overall business and profits are therefore improved. The key to a successful JIT strategy is a strong cooperation of the buyers and suppliers. Based on a sole consumer-supplier situation, and their two-layer supply chain system, this research investigates scenarios to best combine various modes of inventory and to maximize quality of product. It is assumed that a condition of controllable lead time will allow the supplier to effectively deal with backorders. We also consider the impact of cutting the production cost of suitable production goods in stock strategy. Five decision variables are considered: 1) the amount of order, reorder point, lead time and deliveries; 2) the supplier’s adoption of a different-amount-each-time purchase approach to the consumer; 3) the generation of the best result of production/order for minimizing the total joint annual costs incurred by the vendor and the purchaser; 4) the generation of a possible formula for each of the situations; and 5) the quantification and examination of each formula.