‘年’的跨越：試論南王卑南族大獵祭的社會文化意義

CELEBRATING THE NEW YEAR: Mangayau, The Hunting Festival of a Puyuma Tribe

本文綜合學者以往的研究和筆者自己的田野調查，試圖解釋卑南族南王聚落的大獵祭mangayau的社會文化意義。首先敘述該聚落大獵祭和之前舉行的聚落洒淨、境界拒邪、猴祭諸儀式的過程，以彰顯大獵祭的特點。其次，筆者分別從社會組織與文化（理念）兩個層面討論，而認為大獵祭不但是年齡組織青年級成員入級、晉級之時，也是年度的交替、喪家除喪而重新成為聚落日常生活中一份子的日子。透過這種再生（regeneration）的過程，儀式扮演整合既存內部分化的作用。同時，此過程也是老年者權力根源的所在。最後，筆者討論此研究可能隱含的理論意涵，並指出有待進一步研究的相關問題。

This is an attempt to interprete the Mangayau rite, annually celebrated near the end of a 'year' (now in December) by the Puyuma tribe. A description of this rite is combined with descriptions of other rites that are held just a little earlier, in order to show the socio-cultural significance of Mangayau at Nan-wang settlement. Not only does the Mangayau rite celebrate the coming-of-a-new-year, but it provides the occasion for young males who have recently come of age to become members of the age organization, for other males to be promoted to a higher grade, and, especially, for bereaved families to cease their mourning period and to be reincorporated into the society. In addition, this rite also performs an important integrative function for this settlement, particularly with respect to the existing internal divisions that are expressed in many aspects of social activity. Through an analysis of this process of 'regeneration' it is suggested that the source of power of the old males lies in their ability to control and reproduce this process. Finally, the author suggests that an important starting point is, the ana-lytical distinction between the social and cultural dimensions, and that it is necessary to adopt a diachronic approach in further research.