岩村的社會關係和權力結構－－一個農村的工業化與社區生活研究之2

SOCIAL RELATIONS AND POWER STRUCTURE IN YEN VILLAGE

本文是從群體行為的層面來分析社會關係和社區權力結構。個人角色透過群體或社區而成為領導份子，分配到較多的權力，就形成領導群間的權力結構形態。岩村本來只是一個農村，社會關係建立在農業活動的基礎上，族群的關係比較重要。工業區成立後，原有耕地不是工廠、商店，就是新住宅，這一部份的生態體系變化很大，也連帶影響到職業、價值觀念、人際關係等；但原有居民在這方面所受影響較小。除極少數外，原居民仍然以族內或族間活動為多，權力結構仍然是分散式的，即以鄉民代表和村長為主，再加以一些社區次級領導人，權力沒有集中現象。影響權力分配的因素，以政治地位為最重要，比如非現任村長或鄉民代表，影響力馬上減低。這個村子一向是和諧的，工業化也沒有增加焦慮或衝突。這或許是一種成功的工業化模式－從原有行為或文化模式上找尋工業化的道路。

In this paper, we attempted to analyze the social relations and power structure in a rural community, the Yen Village, in northern Taiwan. The people participated more and more industrial and commercial activities as their farmlands gradually turned into factories, stores and apartment buildings after it became an industrial zone. Various aspects of social phenomena have been analyzed with positional, reputational, and decisional approaches. Three significant findings of the study can be described as follows:(1) The local political leaders, for instance, tzun-chang (村長) and hsiang-min-tai- piao (鄉民代表), have occupied higher social rank and played significant roles in making decision on community affairs. Their social position declined immediately after they left the political scene. (2) The amorphous type of community power structme is a mean of power allocation without a persistant leadership pattern. The same structure has never been changed despite the shifting of political leaders.(3) Social relations remained in harmony and conformity. The impact of industrialization did not seem to create any anxiety and conflict. The behavioral pattern appeared to be well adapted to the industrializing community-life in a transitional society.