以知識管理觀點為基礎探討組織動態能力之影響因素

Affecting Factors of Organization's Dynamic Capabilities-the Knowledge Management Perspective

動態能力理論（Dynamic Capabilities Theory），可用以指導組織建立內、外部知識與流程的協調、重整能力，以便快速反應環境的高度變化，從而建立與維持組織的競爭優勢。過去研究顯示組織知識管理的績效會直接地影響組織的創新能力、掌握商機能力、反應環境變動能力、內外部協調能力等企業績效。有鑑於尚未有相關研究針對動態能力的內涵與影響因素建立影響因素模式。本研究由知識管理的觀點切入，以知識路徑相依性（Path Dependence）與吸收能力理論（Absorptive Capacity Theory）架構研究模型，探討組織動態能力的內涵及其影響因素。研究結果顯示，組織的知識吸收能力對於動態能力的建立有顯著的正面影響；而實踐性吸收能力較潛在性吸收能力對動態能力有較大的影響；同時，知識吸收能力的培養高度受到過去經驗和知識累積的影響，驗證了組織在能力發展上的路徑相依性。對學術貢獻而言，本研究驗證組織吸收能力與動態能力的關係，從而深入瞭解動態能力的本質，提昇動態能力理論的應用範疇；組織可以知識管理的角度，強化其相關知識的累積與吸收能力的提升，來建立其組織的動態能力，以因應快速變化的競爭環境，則是本研究在實務上的意涵。

Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) guides an organization to develop the capabilities of collaborating and integrating internal and external knowledge as well as workflow by which an organization could rapidly respond to environmental changes and sustain its competitive advantages. However, the practical meaning and affecting factors of dynamic capabilities have not yet been built a model for illustrating its causality and received specific academic profound understanding. Since knowledge management performance of an organization will have a direct impact on the organization performance. This research constructs a research model, in the perspective of knowledge management, by using the Path Dependence and Absorptive Capacity Theory to explore affecting factors of Organization’s Dynamic Capabilities. The results of this research indicate that the absorptive capacity has significant and positive impact on dynamic capability; meanwhile, absorptive capacity is highly affected by the past accumulation of experience and knowledge, highlighting the feature of path dependence while an organization is in developing its capabilities. The academic contribution of this study is the verification of the positive relationship between absorptive capability and dynamic capability, then the application of dynamic capability could be progressively expanded. In practice, the result implies the guidance of how an organization applies the concept of knowledge management to strengthen its accumulation of related knowledge and promote of absorptive capability, and consequently builds its dynamic capability; hence it could adapt to the rapidly changing competitive environment.