以國際勞動基準作為國際貿易的「遊戲基礎」？: 爭辯與行動

International Labor Standards as the Playing Ground of International Trade?: Debate and Action

本文的主要目的有二，一是發掘將國際勞動基準納入國際貿易之基本規範，支持和反對爭辯的論點；二是尋找出國際勞動基準在國際貿易過程中的被推動和落實的各種方法或途徑。在支持和反對的爭辯上，有兩個大方向，一為普式的人道主義，二是虛偽的保護主義。雖然有這樣的不同，例仍存在著第三條路線，普遍地被用來正當化（legitimize）規範國際貿易行為，那就是將國際勞動基準視為是全球化勞動市場中公平競爭的「遊戲基礎」，避免各國「毀滅式競爭」。在國際勞動基準的執行上，沒有單一方法或途徑，可以有效將國際勞動基準與貿易掛勾，而應該採取「國際社會團結」模式，運用一個全面性（holistic）的監督和執行機制加以推動。

The aims of this paper are two-folds: to explore the arguments for and against the linkage between international labor standards and trade on the one hand, and to discover the approaches and methods being employed to link international labor standards with international trade on the other. The supporting and opposing arguments of such a linkage can be categorized into two aspects: a universal humanitarianism and a disguised protectionism. Despite of this dichotomy, it is found that there is a third way that can be employed to legitimize the regulations for international trade. It is to view international labor standards as a playing ground of fair competition in the globalized economy in order to prevent from destructive competition. In order to implement international labor standards in an effective way, it is concluded that there is no single methods that an be employed to link international labor standards and trade. Instead, based on an international social solidarity model, a holistic arrangement of implementing and monitoring international labor standards can be adopted.