成人學生與非成人學生學習取向之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Learning Orientation between Adult and Traditional Students in Taiwan

本研究主要目的係以專科進修補校學生與專科學校學生為對象，探討並比較成人學生與非成人學生學習取向的差異，以供教育行政機關、學校當局進行課程規劃、教學設計及學習輔導之參考。為達上述目的，主要採文獻分析法和問卷調查法進行，首先自有關文獻及研究的探討著手，其次發展編製「學生學習取向調查問卷」為研究工具；進而對臺北工專、雲林工專、高雄工專、臺北商專及臺中商專等五所附設專科進修補校年滿二十歲以上的成人學生及二十歲以下的非成人五專學生進行實際調查。調查結果回收有效問卷成人學生683份，非成人學生699份，全體計1382份，再經卡方考驗、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及二因子變異數分析結果，獲得下列四項結論：一、我國專科進修補校成人學生傾向於「成人學習取向」。二、我國專科學校非成人學生整體而言傾向於「傳統學習取向」，惟於各層面的表現頗不一致。三、我國專科進修補校成人學生與專科學校非成人學生在「教師指導」和「學習獨立」兩層面的學習取向上有顯著差異。四、我國專科進修補校成人學生與專科學校非成人學生的學習取向因個人背景變項的不同而有顯著差異。其中女性、40歲以上、採到校上課方式及年級愈高的成人學生，愈傾向於「成人學習取向」。最後，本研究根據上述研究結論提出下列建議，以供發展與改進我國專科進修補習教育之參考。一、課程方面的建議(一)學校開設課程時，應進行學生學習需求評估。(二)調整修訂課程內容，以更符實用性。(三)編訂適合成人自學的教材。二、教學方面的建議(一)教師應針對不同學生的學習取向，調整教學方法。(二)教師應鼓勵並促進學生積極參與教學活動。(三)教師應重視學生個別差異，實施彈性教學。(四)加強專科補校教師有關成人教學的知能。三、學習車輔導方面的建議(一)編訂出版學習指導手冊，開設有關如何進行有效學習的課程。(二)設立成人教學資訊服務中心，以提供學習輔導服務。

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the learning orientation of adult and traditional students in vocational programs of six junior colleges in Taiwan. An instrument, Student Orientation Questionnaire, was developed to determine the learning orientation of students : andragogical (student-centered) or pedagogical (teacher-centered) orientation. This instrament was administered, utilizing a stratified cluster sampling technique, to 1382 students including 683 adult students and 699 traditional students at six junior colleges in Taiwan. The major findings and conclusions drawn from the analysis of gathered data found that adult students tended to prefer andragogical orientation and traditional students indicated more pedagogical Furthermore, there were significant differences among adult and traditional students in the dimensions of "Self-directed Learning" and "Instructor's Direction" This study also found that significant differences in the learning orientation of students grouped by gender, age, type of programs and grade. Based upon the conclusions, recommendations for program design, teaching, and guidance services were discussed and suggestions for further research were also presented.