成年婦女生涯轉變之相關因素研究

Factors Affecting the Career Change of Adult Women

本研究的主要目的是想瞭解大台北地區成年婦女之個人與家庭背景因素、支持系統因素、生涯動機因素與生涯轉變間的關係，並據以作成建議，供實施婦女繼續教育及生涯轉變諮商之有關單位參考。為達上述目的，首先透過文獻探討，研究成年婦女在成年期之發展情形，並探討婦女之生涯發展、生涯轉變及其相關理論模式：其次編擬研究工具，名稱為「成年婦女生涯轉變之相關因素問卷」，內容包括：「支持系統量表」、「生涯動機量表」及「個人與家庭背景資料」三部份；研究樣本以大台北地區20歲至50歲之成年婦女為主，共計1292名；調查所得資料經單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析，得到下列研究發現：一、不同個人與家庭背景因素的成年婦女在生涯動機的三層面上有顯著差異存在。二、支持系統因素中，除了「父母親支持」與「職業與教育期望」未達顯著相關外，其他的支持系統層面皆與生涯動機的「職業與教育期望」、「精熟成就」及「生涯定向」等三層面有顯著相關存在。三、個人與家庭背景因素及支持系統因素可預測成年婦女在「職業與教育期望」、「精熟成就」及「生涯定向」三層面之生涯動機。四、成年婦女之生涯轉變因不同的年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、子女數、最小子女年齡及本身工作狀況而有顯著差異存在。五、支持系統因素中，「配偶的支持」及「對婦女從業的支持」與婦女的生涯轉變有顯著相關存在。六、生涯動機因素中的「職業與教育期望」、「精熟成就」及「生涯定向」三層面皆與婦女的生涯轉變有顯著相關存在。七、個人與家庭背景因素、支持系統因素與生涯動機因素可預測成年婦女之生涯轉變。

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among individual and family background, support system, career motivation and career change toward adult women. Literature review included the development of adult women, career development and career change of adult women. And some relative models were also discussed. One questionnaire about the relative factors in career change of adult women was developed and a sample of 1,292 adult women were investigated. The findings of this study were (1) the career motivation of adult women were significant different among the individual and family background factors; (2) except the support of parents, the significant correlations were found between support system factors and career motivation of adult women; (3) the individual and family background factors and support system factors can predict the career motivation of adult women; (4) the career change was significant different among individual and family factors including age, education, marriage, number of children, the age of the youngest child and the work situation of adult womem; (5) support of husband and support toward working female were significant related to career change of adult women; (6) the significant correlations were found between career motivation and career change; (7) individual and family background factors, support system factors and career motivation factors can predict career change of adult women.