滿洲國的「流浪者（nomad）」：在滿朝鮮人的生活和認同

'Nomad' of Manchukuo: Life and Identity of Koreans in Manchuria

在滿朝鮮人大部分是為了擺脫貧困而進入滿洲。由於貧困，可想而知在滿朝鮮人的民族位置較日本人、中國人、俄羅斯人都低，甚至低於曾在滿洲國從事工商業、公務及自由業的大部分臺灣人。加上他們絕大部分懷著在滿洲掙到錢後回國的想法，所以對滿洲國的歸屬意識較低，從而也沒有按時納稅。另外，在滿朝鮮人中，從事走私、賣春、賭博等不當職業的人數較多，使他們容易受到其他民族的歧視和蔑視；除了擔任政府機關的公務員、軍人及積累不少財富的極少數人，絕大多數在滿朝鮮人均深陷疏離感、自愧感、悲觀論之中。在這種惡劣的社會環境下，他們無法在任何地方定居而過著流浪的生活，始終得看著其他民族的臉色，而經歷了認同極度混亂的時期。總而言之，在滿朝鮮人就是「滿洲國的流浪者（nomad）」。

Of the Koreans in Manchuria, the majority were those who moved there out of poverty in Joseon. Owing to their poorer economic condition, they had a lower national status than the Japanese, Chinese, Russians and even the Taiwanese whether self-employed or engaged in commerce and industry in Manchukuo. Moreover, most Koreans yearned to return to Joseon with the money earned during their stay in Manchuria. Hence, they had little sense of belonging to Manchukuo and tried to evade tax payment. In addition, many of them were engaged in smuggling, prostitution, gambling and illicit works, making them easy targets of discrimination and contempt. Apart from those in civil or military service as well as those who managed to amass great fortune, most Koreans in Manchuria were in an abyss of alienation, shame and pessimism. Mired in an unfavorable social environment, Koreans in Manchuria could not feel at home and had no permanent abode, leading an itinerant life at the mercy of other ethnic groups. Belonging to nowhere, they were regarded as 'nomad (流浪者) of Manchukuo'.