體操小山羊鞍馬全旋運動學分析驗證裁判評分之研究

Comparison of kinematical characteristics of circles of small pommel horse with judge's assessment in men's artistic gymnastics

目的：本研究目的是以運動學角度及裁判「圓、大、輕、正、美」的評分觀點分析競技體操中小山羊的全旋動作。方法：以兩部60Hz的攝影機來紀錄3位國小男子體操選手小山羊全旋五次的動作表現，實驗所得資料以單因子變異數分析（One-way ANOVA）來檢測三位受試者間之差異。結果：在裁判評分方面，三位受試者所表現的全旋最後得分分別為9.425、8.9、7.775分；在運動學方面，研究結果顯示三位受試者在全旋時的髖關節角度、踝關節高度、身體重心高度、身體重心合速度、全旋半徑比值上具顯著差異。結論：體操裁判的評定原則「大、輕、正、美」與高質量小山羊全旋之力學特徵是相吻合的，但體操裁判評定原則的「圓」的方面，高質量小山羊全旋之力學特徵是踝關節運動軌跡略呈橢圓形而非正圓形，想要有一個高質量的小山全旋，全旋速度是一個最重要因素。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare kinematical characteristics and judge's assessment on 3 elementary school boy gymnasts performing 5 circles on small pommel horse. Methods: A three-dimension analyzing system was realized by using two 60Hz cameras to record the gymnasts' performance. The statistic method used was One-way ANOVA. Significant level was set at P < .05. Results: According to assessment from 6 judges, the scores given to the 3 gymnasts were 9.425, 8.9, and 7.775 points, respectively. In terms of kinematics, the hip angle, height of ankle, height of COM, velocity of COM, and the ratio of circle's radius to the height of gymnast's shoulders showed significantl difference among the 3 subjects. Conclusions: The circles of good quality matched kinematical characteristics and judge's principles 'amplitude, fluency, no deviation, aesthetics', except the principle 'roundness'. Experiments showed that the trajectory of ankle was near elliptical. Finally, the angular velocity of circling was an important factor in performing high-quality circles.