知覺與喜愛教練領導行為及運動動機氣候的一致性對內在動機及滿意度的預測

The predictions of congruence between preferred and perceived coaches' leadership and motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and satisfaction

目的：一、探討知覺與喜愛教練領導行為的一致性對內在動機及滿意度的預測；二、探討知覺與喜愛運動動機氣候的一致性對內在動機及滿意度的預測。方法：以58名社會女子甲組籃球聯賽的選手對受試對象，平均年齡為21.24±3.47歲。受試者在非比賽期間填寫基本資料表、運動領導量表、知覺運動動機氣候量表、運動動機量表與滿意度量表。結果：由多元階層迴歸分析發現：一、知覺工作氣候及「知覺訓練與指導X喜愛訓練與指導」是內在動機之主要預測變項。二、知覺民主行為、知覺專制行為、喜愛專制行為及「知覺民主行為×喜愛民主行為」是滿意度之主要預測變項。結論：在教練領導行為方面，並未完全支持多元領導模式的一致性假設，僅在訓練與指導的交互作用對內在動機的預測上符合一致性假設。而在運動動機氣候方面，並未有任何顯著的交互作用產生，證實了知覺與喜愛運動動機氣候間並沒有「一致性」的存在，結果符合成就目標理論的觀點。

Purposes: 1. To examine the predictions of congruence between preferred and perceived coaches' leadership to intrinsic motivation and satisfaction. 2. To examine the predictions of congruence between preferred and perceived motivational climates to intrinsic motivation and satisfaction. Method: Subjects were 58 female basketball players participated in amateur basketball league. Their average age was 21.24 ± 3.47 (yrs). All subjects completed demographic data, the leadership scale for sports, the perceived motivational climate in sport questionnaire, the sport motivation scale and the satisfaction scale during non-competition period. Results: According to hierarchical multiple regression, it indicated: 1. Perceived task-oriented climate and 'perceived training and instruction × preferred training and instruction' were main predictors for intrinsic motivation; 2. Perceived democratic behavior, perceived autocratic behavior, preferred autocratic behavior and 'perceived democratic behavior × preferred democratic behavior' were major predictors for satisfaction. Conclusion: In coaches' leadership, the congruence hypothesis was not totally supported. Only the interaction of training and instruction to predict intrinsic motivation was consistent with the congruence hypothesis. In motivational climate, no significant interaction was found. It meant there was no congruence between perceived and preferred motivational climate. The result agreed with the concept of achievement goal theory.