直臂屈體慢舉倒立運動學與專項體能分析

Analysis of the pike body press to handstand with legs together in kinematical and specific biomotor abilities

目的：本研究旨在探討體操選手表現直臂屈體慢舉倒立（2秒）成敗間的運動學與專項體能之差異，方法：以一部60Hz的攝影機來紀錄31位男子體操選手的動作表現與記錄七種專項體能測驗，並依受試者的動作表現型態區分成表現成功者、失敗向前者及失敗向後者等三組，最後依實驗資料以獨立樣本One-way ANOVA統計分析來考驗三組之差異。結果：有關運動學方面，在大腿上舉45°位置與結束位置的身體重心水平速度表現失敗向前者顯著大於成功者（p<.05），在大腿水平位置、大腿上舉45°位置與結束位置的身體重心水平速度表現失敗向前者顯著大於失敗向後者（p<.05）；在專項體能方面，除失敗向前者與成功者在平衡項目之控制倒立測驗具顯著差異外（p<.05）其餘皆無。結論：在運動學方面，失敗向前者是在大腿水平位置後，身體重心速度過快，最後不利靜止倒立姿勢；而失敗向後者最主要的失敗原因則是整個動作過程中，身體重心並沒有進入到支撐軸的上方，以至於無法成功的靜止於倒立位置。在專項體能方面，失敗向前者最主要是控制倒立的穩定性不足所致，而專項體能並非造成失敗向後者的失敗原因。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of kinematical and biomotor ability on the performance of pike body press to handstand with legs together. Methods: A two-dimension analyzing system was realized by using a 60Hz camera to record 31 gymnasts' performance and seven specific biomotor abilities. Based on their performance, three groups-successful, fail-forward and fail-backward- were identified. The statistic method used was One-way ANOVA. The significant differences were considered when P< .05. Results: In terms of kinematics, the fail-forward group had significantly greater horizontal velocity of COM at legs-up-45° and vertical position than successful group did. The average horizontal velocity of COM in fail-forward group was significantly higher than that in fail-backward group at positions with legs up horizontally, 45° and vertically. Among specific biomotor abilities, only the balance of control handstand showed significant variance between successful group and fail-forward group. Conclusion: The horizontal velocity was the most important kinematical influence on postural control in final static phase. Different reasons caused the failure to perform pike body press handstand with legs together. For the fail-forward group, their horizontal velocity of COM was too high through positions with legs up horizontally to vertically. While for fail-backward group, their COM never entered upon support area. Among specific biomotor abilities, unstable control handstand was attributed to the failure for fail-forward group, but not for fail-backward group.