輪班工作人員身體活動與睡眠品質之相關研究－－以航空國際線空服人員越洋航班為例

The relationship between physical activity and sleep quality of shift workers international flight attendants

目的：本研究在瞭解輪班工作者身體活動對睡眠適應的影響。工作性質為不固定式輪班之空服人員為對象，瞭解其在輪值越洋航線任務時之身體活動與睡眠品質現況，並比較身體活動量大小和有無規律運動習慣等變項在睡眠品質上的差異。方法：以隨機抽樣方式所選取的188名中華航空公司國際線空服人員為受試對象，平均年齡為32.36±7.82歲。匹茲堡睡眠品質量表（PSQI）及三日身體活動量表則為本研究調查工具。結果：所得資料經統計處理後發現：一、輪值越洋航線任務時，空服人員之睡眠品質不佳者（PSQI＞5分）佔52.7％。整體睡眠品質平均得分為6.10±3.35分。「個人主觀睡眠品質」、「睡眠潛伏期」、「睡眠困擾」是為表現較差之前三項。二、輪值越洋航線工作日的身體活動能量消耗比非上班日之身體活動能量消耗為高，顯示在國外待班時之運動量不足。工作日身體活動量為56.48Kcal／kg／day，中重度身體活動量為16.73Kcal／kg／day；待班日身體活動量為42.93Kcal／kg／day，中重度身體活動量為3.15Kcal／kg／day；三日身體活動量為47.44Kcal／kg／day，中重度身體活動量為7.67Kcal／kg／day。三、空服人員在待班日及三日部份之身體活動量及中重度身體活動量與睡眠品質得分（PSQI） 呈顯著負相關，也就是空服人員身體活動量大者，其睡眠品質較佳。四、有25％的空服人員在輪值越洋航線任務時有規律運動的習慣，而其主觀睡眠品質、睡眠潛伏期、睡眠困擾、睡眠效率及白天功能狀態亦顯著優於無運動習慣者。然而，睡眠時數及安眠藥之使用則未達顯著水準。結論：本研究發現在一趟越洋航線任務時身體活動與空服人員睡眠品質有正相關存在。所以鼓勵空服人員及早養成運動習慣，應是促進身心健康和改善睡眠品質促進睡眠適應的有效方法之一。

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and physical activity level of shift workers. Methods: 188 randomly selected China Airline flight attendants (age 32.36±7.82 yrs) served as the subjects and were asked to fill out the designed questionnaires. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of each subject was applied to represent the sleep quality of each individual. All of the subjects' duty schedule were irregularly shifted. Results: The results were as followed1. 52.7% of the subjects were experiencing sleeping problems (PSQI＞5). The average PSQI global score of total subjects was 6.10±3.35. The「subjective sleep quality」、「sleep latency」and「sleep disturbance」were having the highest scores. 2. On the working day of serving intercontinental duty, the energy expenditure of physical activities was higher than that of the rest days. This indicated that the physical activities were insufficient on the rest day in abroad. Energy expenditure of physical activity during the working day was 56.48Kcal/kg/day, moderate and vigorous physical activity was 16.73 Kcal/kg/day; physical activity on the rest days was 42.93 Kcal/kg/day, moderate and vigorous physical activity was 3.15 Kcal/kg/day; the average number of physical activity on both working and rest days was 47.44 Kcal/kg/day, the average number of moderate and vigorous physical activity was 7.67 Kcal/kg/day. 3. Relative amount of moderate to vigorous physical activities of the flight attendants indicated negative correlation with the PSQI global score. The more physical activity they involved, the better sleep quality they obtained. 4. 25％ of subjects exercised regularly during the duty. Their subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency and daytime function were significantly superior (p＜.05) to those flight attendants who never exercised regularly. However, the sleep duration and the use of medication of two groups were not reaching statistical significance. Conclusion: The researcher discovered that intercontinental duty flight attendants who exercised regularly were having better sleeping quality. It is strongly recommended that all flight attendants should exercise regularly in order to improve sleeping quality.