不同身體質量指數青少年的體能商比較研究

The comparison of Physical Fitness Quotient with different Body Mass Index of adolescent

目的：比較過輕、正常、過重與肥胖青少年的體能商、健康體能商、運動體能商與十項體能的差異情形。方法：本研究以410名嘉義縣、市國中生為受試對象，男152人、女258人（14.09±0.88、14.10±0.87歲；165.31±7.48、157.17±5.29公分；59.52±13.24、50.72±9.37公斤）。受試者依青少年肥胖定義，區分為過輕、正常、過重與肥胖四組，以青少年體能商檢測方式，進行體能檢測。檢測結果以青少年體能商常模轉換分數後，將體能商、健康體能商與運動體能商及各項體能分數，利用SPSS 10.0，進行獨立樣本單因子變異數分析，並採用Scheffe法進行事後比較（p<.05）。結果：過輕、正常、過重三組的運動體能商（62.29±5.06、62.49±5.12、62.21±5.23）與排除身體組成分數的健康體能商（31.04±4.15、31.59±3.48、31.27±4.16）、體能商（93.34±8.07、94.07±7.45、93.48±8.28）沒有差異，但皆顯著優於肥胖組（58.44±6.11、29.09±4.07、87.53±9.06）。體能中的肌肉適能、心肺適能、敏捷、速度、反應與瞬發，肥胖組皆顯著低於各組；柔軟度、平衡各組間沒有差異。結論：青少年以BMI區分體重過輕與過重者，其身體能力與正常者相同，僅肥胖者的身體健康趨向與基本運動能力需要相關單位的重視。

Purpose: The aim of this research was comparing of physical fitness quotient, health-related physical fitness quotient, sport-related physical fitness quotient and ten kinds of physical fitness in lean, normal, overweight and obese adolescents. Method: Subjects were 410 junior high school students who are 152 males (14.09±0.88 yr, 165.31±7.48 cm, 59.52±13.24 kg) and 258 females (14.10±0.87 yr, 157.17±5.29 cm, 50.72±9.37 kg) of Chiayi county and city. Subjects were divided into lean, normal, overweight and obese according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and tested by the standard test of physical fitness quotient of adolescent. Original data was transferred to physical fitness scores by norm of physical fitness quotient of adolescent and then compared by ANOVA and Scheffe post-hoc comparison (p< .05). Results: The lean, normal and overweight groups were no difference in sport-related physical fitness quotient (62.29±5.06, 62.49±5.12, 62.21±5.23), health-related physical fitness quotient (31.04±4.15, 31.59±3.48, 31.27±4.16) and physical fitness quotient (93.34±8.07, 94.07±7.45, 93.48±8.28) that without physical fitness score of body composition, but significant better than obese group (58.44±6.11, 29.09±4.07, 87.53±9.06), respectively. Obese group was also significant worse than other groups in muscular fitness, cardio-respiratory endurance, agility, speed, reaction and anaerobic power, but no difference in flexibility and balance. Conclusion: Adolescents who divided into lean and overweight groups by BMI have the same physical fitness as normal group so educational organizations only should pay much attention to the healthy trend and basic exercise ability of the obese adolescents.