八週不同的減重計畫介入對大專肥胖女學生身體質量指數及血脂肪的影響

How Different Weight Loss Programs of Eight-Week Influence Body Mass Index and Blood Lipid Status of Female Overweight College Students

本研究的目的在探討八週不同的減重計畫介入對大專肥胖女學生血脂肪的影響。受試者為24名，身體質量指數（body mass index,BMI）＞25以上之大專女學生。依減重計畫介入方式的不同，採自願方式將受試者分為三組。第一組為有氧運動訓練組8名；第二組為飲食控制組8名；第三組為有氧運動加上飲食控制組8名。有氧運動訓練為每週3次，每次40分鐘，運動強度為50%~70%HRmax的原地跑步機健走運動，並以無線心跳錶（polar）監測與記錄每一分鐘之心跳數，直至40分鐘健走結束。飲食控制則由研究者提供，平均每日1383±147.5大卡攝取量（營養成份醣類佔66.26%、脂肪佔20.34%、蛋白質佔13.4%）。並於實驗前及實驗後48小時分別接受體重、BMI的測量及TC（總膽固醇）、TG（三酸甘油酯）、HDL（高密度脂蛋白）和LDL（低密度脂蛋白）等血脂質的抽血檢驗。結果顯示：一、第一組受試者在經過八週的有氧運動介入後，在體重、BMI、TG、HDL上呈現明顯的改善（p＜.05）。二、第二組在實施八週相同的飲食控制後，在體重、BMI及TC、TG、LDL上呈現明顯的下降（p＜.05）。三、第三組在八週有氧運動與相同的飲食控制介入後，在體重、BMI及TC、TG、LDL上呈現明顯下降外（p＜.05），在HDL上也呈現明顯的上升（p＜.05）。四、三組之前測在體重、BMI、TC、TG、HDL、LDL均未達顯著差異。五、三組在後測的比較上，在TC方面有氧運動組與飲食控制混合介入組及單一的飲食控制組，優於單一的有氧運動組，而在HDL上有氧運動組與飲食控制混合介入組與單一的有氧運動組在提升HDL的幅度上則優於單一的飲食控制組。結論：施以單一的有氧運動或是飲食控制介入，在降低體重、身體質量指數及改善人體血液中血脂肪含量上，雖有正面顯著的效果。但是組合式的方法對肥胖女性血脂肪的改善效果最好。

This study was designed to research how different weight loss programs of 8 weeks make an influence upon the body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid status of overweight female college students. Twenty-four participants, whose BMI were higher than 25, attended 3 programs of weight loss in a voluntary way. Each group consisted of 8 members volunteering to engage in aerobic exercise, diet control, and combination with aerobic exercise and diet control. An exercise protocol of 40 min treadmill walking day-1, 3 days week-1, was followed for 8 weeks in the aerobic exercise group. The exercise intensity was maintained with 50%--70% HRmax by a wireless POLAR system during the exercise. As to the group of diet control, participants were provided with food of average 1383+147.5 kilocalories (carbohydrate: 66.26%; fat: 20.34%; protein: 13.4%) every day. The blood lipid status, i.e., body weight, BMI, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipid (HDL), and low-density lipid (LDL), of the participants was measured before and 48 hours after the experiment. The results showed that (1) in the first group, the participants' body weight, BMI, TG, and HDL improved significantly (p<.05) after 8 weeks of the aerobic exercise training; (2) in the second group, after 8 weeks of diet control, the participants' declined body weight, BMI, TC, TG, and LDL apparently (p<.05); (3) in the third group, after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with diet control, body weight, BMI, TC, TG, and LDL significantly declined, while HDL apparently increased; (4) before the programs of weight loss, three groups showed no differences in the blood lipid status; (5) in terms of posttests, the group of aerobic exercise combined with diet control and the group of diet control were both superior to the group of aerobic exercise in TC, while the group of aerobic exercise combined with diet control and the group of aerobic exercise were superior to the group of diet control in HDL. In conclusion, aerobic exercise and diet control lead to distinctively positive effects in reducing body weight, BMI and in improving the blood lipid status. However, the combination way seems more helpful in improving the overweight females' blood lipid status.