個人與家庭背景因素對國小學童體適能之影響

Effects of Personal and Family Factors on Physical Fitness of Elementary School Children

目的：在探討國小學童之個人與家庭背景因素對體適能的影響。方法：以台中縣十一所國小的五年級學童1303人（男生687人、女生616人，身高142±6.55公分、體重37.11±8.01公斤）為研究對象，先調查基本資料，包括下課運動次數、看電視時間、睡眠時間、居家住宅型態等做為分組變項，並實施體適能測驗。所得資料運用獨立樣本二因子變異數分析及t考驗等統計方法加以處理分析。結果：一、下課運動次數高（每日4次以上）的學童，其肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力顯著優於下課運動次數低（每日3次以下）及無下課運動次數的學童。二、看電視時間較少的學童，其身體質量指數、肌耐力及心肺耐力方面的表現顯著優於看電視時間較多的學童。三、睡眠時間多寡會影響身體質量指數、瞬發力的表現，睡眠時間充足的學童顯著優於睡眠時間少的學童。四、住在需要爬樓梯住宅的女學童的心肺耐力顯著優於住在不需要爬樓梯住宅的女學童。結論：下課運動次數較多、每日睡眠時間在6～10小時、每日看電視時間在1小時以內的學童，擁有較佳的體適能。

Purpose : To investigate the effects of various personal and family backgrounds on physical fitness of elementary school children. Method:Subjects in this study were 1303 fifth-grade students from Taichung County. On an interview basis, data of physical activity frequency during the break, television viewing hours, sleeping hours, house types, were grouping with a questionnaire. Physical fitness was measured in all subjects. Two statistic analyses, including independent sample two-way ANOVA and t-test were used. Results: 1.The one-minute bend knee sit-up, standing long jump and 800m running test of those who had higher physical activity frequency during the break were significantly better than those of lower frequency. 2.The BMI, one-minute bend knee sit-up and 800m running test of those who had lower television viewing hours were significantly better than those of higher television viewing hours. 3.The BMI and standing long jump of those who had enough sleeping hours were significantly better than those of short sleeping hours. 4.The girls who live in the house where they must climb stairs had excellent performance of 800m running test than who do not. Conclusions: The elementary school children with high physical activity frequency during the break, low television viewing hours and enough sleeping hours have better physical fitness.