高強度集訓與專項體能訓練對跆拳道選手專項體能及免疫球蛋白A的影響

The Effect of High Intensity and Plyometric Training of TAEKWONDO Athletes on Kick Velocity, Force, and Immunoglobulin A

本研究在探討跆拳道選手在高強度集訓期後，選手專項體能及免疫功能的變化情形。以景文技術學院及泰山高級中學男子跆拳道選手為受試對象，將其分為實驗組12名（平均年齡19.3±0.92歲，身高167.1±8.58公分，體重61.1±7.80公斤，訓練年7.83±2.21）和控制組12名（平均年齡17.7±0.67歲，身高171.3±5.35公分，體重61.8±7.07公斤，訓練年7.5±2.02）。控制組的集訓內容為平常比賽前集訓訓練課程，而實驗組除了正常訓練課程外，加入增強式訓練及重量訓練等二種與跆拳道比賽相關之專項體能訓練，以暸解跆拳道選手經六週高強度集訓後，專項體能及免疫功能的變化情形。以酵素免疫吸附法（ELISA）分析選手唾液免疫球蛋白A（s-IgA），利用跆拳道測功儀測量受試者踢擊速度與踢擊力量。本研究經六週訓練後，結果發現在專項體能表現方面，實驗組在踢擊速度與力量表現，有明顯的進步（p<.05），而控制組方面則無顯著的進步（p>.05）。在免疫功能方面，集訓第四週起受試者出現s-IgA濃度顯著下降的情形（p<.05），而實驗組與控制組間無明顯不同。因此在跆拳道訓練時，加入運動專項訓練，選手的踢擊速度與力量明顯較一般訓練為佳，表示專項訓練能改善選手的爆發力。此外，跆拳道選手在從事高強度集訓時，也抑制了選手的免疫功能下降及氧化傷害。本研究可獲得以下的結論，跆拳道選手在集訓時加入增強式體能訓練，可有效增強選手的踢擊速度與力量，而且在集訓期中應特別注意選手的身體保養及營養的補充，以避免免疫功能下降及上呼吸道感染的問題。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity TAEKWONDO's training on specific physical performance, and Immunoglobulin A. This investigation used 24 Chin-wen college of Technology and Tai-shan senior high school male TAEKWONDO athletes were matched for two groups: (1) experiment group (19.3 ± 0.9 of age, 167.1 ± 8.6 cm in high, 61.1 ± 7.8 kg in weight, trained for 7.8 ± 2.2 years in average), and (2) control group (17.7 ± 0.7 of age, 171.3 ± 5.4 cm in high, 61.8 ± 7.1 kg in weight, trained for 7.5 ± 2.0 years in average). The training of control group were the content of competition season. The training program of experiment group include: plyometric, and weight training about the specific condition training of TAEKWONDO.
Measurements were obtained specific physical performance, immune function. After six weeks training, we found that: 1) The kicking velocity and force were significant improvement in experimental group (p < .05). But those specific physical performances had no significant difference (p > .05) between pre-training and post-training in control group. 2) About immune function, the level of salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) of all subjects showed significant decrease since the 4th week of training (p < .05), and there were no significantly difference between experiment group and control group. Added specific condition training into TAEKWONDO's training program, the kicking velocity and force were better than the normal training program. The results showed that the specific training can improve the athlete's power. High intensity training would induce immune function suppression. It may conclude that coaches could use this training method for improving their specific physical performance. During the training session, athletes should take care of the health and nutritive ingestion to prevent from upper respiratory tract infection.