氣調包裝對生鮮水果冷藏貯存過程品質變化之研究

Influence of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Quality Changes of Refrigerated Fruits

為了保持生鮮食品之鮮度，蔬果可依種類之不同，利用溫度控制、調整包裝內之氣體組成、包裝材料之選擇等各種方式來尋求其適當之冷藏貯存條件。氣調包裝（Modified Atmosphere，MA）為在密閉環境之倉儲內，增加或減少包裝袋內某類氣體，並且控制氣體成分比率，此乃延長冷藏生鮮食品貯存壽命之重要方法之一。本研究乃將MA包裝技術運用於生鮮水果（荔枝、檸檬、柿子）之冷藏貯存，探討控制氣體組成與貯存溫度對生鮮水果貯存過程中品質變化之影響。實驗結果顯示：荔枝使用MA包裝（氣體組成成分：2％O2，5％CO2，93％N2）在4℃的貯存，可維持荔枝在貯存14天中有良好品質；檸檬使用MA包裝，在25℃的貯存環境中，貯存達28天並無外觀及顏色等品質之顯著變化；柿子使用MA包裝保存在25℃與4℃無MA包裝，經貯存28天其外觀及顏色等品質變化接近；一般冷藏食品的保存溫度約為0～4℃，若將上述結果連用在生鮮食品之氣調包裝技術上，除可獲得最適氣調包裝的保存溫度，亦可兼具節省電力消耗並維持食品品質之雙重效益。

The freshness and quality of freshly foods can be maintained for a longer period through the control of storage temperature, gas composition inside the package, and selection of packaging materials. Modified atmosphere (MA) is widely used to extend the shelf life and quality of freshly foods which changes the gas composition inside the packaging environment through elevating or decreasing the concentration of the target gasses. In this study, the MA packaging technology was employed in the storage of freshly fruits. The influences of gas composition and storage temperature on the quality changes of refrigerated fruits including lichee, lemon, and persimmon were evaluated. The results indicated that the quality for lichee can be maintained for 14 days by controlling the composition of gases (2%O2, 5%CO2, 93%N2) under storage temperature at 4℃. For lemon, there is no significantly difference in color after 28 days storage using MA packaging under storage temperature at 25℃. For persimmon, the quality change in color has no significant difference between 25℃ storage combined with MA package and 4℃ storage with regular atmosphere. The results can be applied foe the preservation of freshly fruits. In addition, the power consumption can be decreased through MA packaging instead of low temperature storage.