伊波拉病毒感染之疫情及防治作為

Ebola Virus Disease Epidemics and Preparedness

2013年12月起自西非幾內亞發生並於2014年蔓延到獅子山、賴比瑞亞、奈及利亞、塞內加爾、馬利、美國、西班牙、英國等地的伊波拉病毒感染疫情，是歷年來流行規模最大的伊波拉疫情，至2015年1月14日為止，已造成全球累計病例數21，296例，8，429例死亡。世界衛生組織於2014年8月8日將西非伊波拉疫情列為國際關注公共衛生緊急事件，我國於同日提升國內應變等級，強化「出境衛教、入境檢疫、國內整備演練、國際合作」等四大因應作為。經過西非國家與國際政府、非政府組織努力，西非三國疫情已趨緩，新增病例數快速降低。現今國際人員交流頻繁，境外移入伊波拉病例仍具可能性，早期發現通報境外移入個案、加強醫護人員防護及醫院感控措施，可有效防堵疫情擴散。

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) that originated from Guinea in December 2013 and spread to countries including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Mali, the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2014 is the largest EVD outbreak in the history. As of January 14, 2015, the estimated total number of EVD cases was 21,296, including 8,429 deaths. The World Health Organization declared EVD outbreak in West Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On the same day, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control also escalated the domestic EVD preparedness level and strengthened four major public health response efforts including travelers' health education, quarantine, health care preparedness and exercise, and international collaboration. Through efforts of the West African countries as well as international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, the EVD outbreak in West Africa is now under control and the number of new EVD cases has rapidly reduced. However, because of heavy and frequent international travel, imported EVD cases are still possible for Taiwan. The key to stop EVD domestic transmission would rely on early detection and reporting of imported cases as well as strengthening of healthcare workers' precautions and hospital infection control measures.