伊波拉病毒感染之治療與疫苗

Treatment and Vaccine of Ebola Virus Disease

針對2014年伊波拉病毒感染的治療方法，目前仍以支持性治療為主。此次的伊波拉感染會造成病患有明顯的腸胃道症狀，除了要預防體液的過度流失與避免休克的相關併發症外，也需要同時監控並處理因體液流失而造成的電解質不平衡，例如：低血鈉、低血鉀、低血鈣與低血鎂的問題。伊波拉病毒感染後容易產生一些併發症，如：感染、休克、出血與多重器官衰竭等，也必須同時處理。對於針對伊波拉病毒的特異性療法，目前大都處於實驗階段，因此仍沒有證實確定是有效的藥物可供使用。疫苗目前雖在動物實驗與初期臨床試驗看到不錯的成效，但也仍待更多的臨床試驗來證實其效果。

Supportive care remains the mainstay in managing Ebola virus disease (EVD). There are no proven medications or vaccines for EVD to date. The goals are to prevent intravascular volume depletion, to correct profound electrolyte imbalance, and to avoid complications of shock. Co-infection and several complications of EVD, like superinfection, hemorrhage, and multiple organ failure, should be monitored and managed at the same time. All proposed anti-EVD drugs or vaccines are in the early-phase of clinical trials. Currently, two vaccine candidates are in early-stage development in humans, and both have demonstrated excellent efficacy in preventing Ebola virus transmission in nonhuman primates.