愛滋病合併梅毒相關神經系統疾病

Nervous System Disorders Associated with HIV and Syphilis Co-Infection

愛滋病毒與梅毒皆為罹患神經系統疾病之高風險群，愛滋病毒感染者首次病徵以神經症狀出現約10%至20%，隨著病程進展，晚期罹患神經系統疾病機率高達60%，常見中樞及周邊神經受損，易有認知及運動功能障礙。愛滋病毒與梅毒易引發神經系統疾病，雙重感染會增加愛滋病毒傳播風險及加速神經病變，文獻多數探討愛滋病合併梅毒之發生率與危險性行為間之相關因素，對於兩者交互作用所引發神經系統疾病分類及風險因素則有不同論點，而構成神經症狀病因極其複雜，臨床易忽略愛滋病或梅毒所造成的神經病變，而未達即時治療之成效，導致感染者神經症狀加劇，進而影響規律就醫及服藥遵從性，嚴重會造成傳染病防治不彰等公共衛生議題。

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and syphilis co-infection are a high-risk group for nervous system disorders. The first symptoms of AIDS manifest by approximately 10% to 20% of patients are disorders of the nervous system. In the advanced stages of AIDS, 60% of patients experience nervous system disorders, such as central and peripheral nerve damage, cognitive disorders, and motion disturbance. Patients with AIDS and syphilis are associated with a substantially increased risk of developing nervous system diseases. This co-infection also increases the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Numerous studies have explored the relationship between HIV and syphilis co-infection and unprotected sex. Scholars have advocated different opinions regarding the categories and risk factors of nervous system disorders associated with co-infection of HIV and syphilis. Because of the complex pathogenesis of nervous system disorders, those with HIV and syphilis co-infection are often underdiagnosed and undertreated clinically. This phenomenon aggravates the symptoms of nervous system disorders, which can reduce the patient conformity with treatment and medical advice and thus lead to public health issues such as the ineffective prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.