運用術前準備照護計畫降低兒童與父母之焦慮

Use of a Preoperative Preparation Program for Reducing Anxiety of Children and Their Patients

手術及住院經驗對兒童來說是極具壓力及焦慮的事件，而術前焦慮程度越高的兒童是術後發生負向行為的高危險群，此亦使得父母親在面對孩子手術時倍感焦慮，因此，發展能降低兒童及父母焦慮之照護措施乃當務之急。而本文所介紹的術前準備照護計畫是一套以家庭為中心的照護方案，其內容不僅整合孩童發展、提供心理支持及轉移注意力技，亦透過角色扮演活動使其學習模範角色、提供實際作醫療設備以促進手術過程的合作行為。此照護計畫視全家為一整體，在術前提供親子間更多手術相關訊息，進而能降低雙方的焦慮程度、亦減少兒章術後不良行的發生及在恢復室時使用較少的止痛藥。因此，此術前準備照護計畫值得推廣於臨床應用。

The experience of surgery and hospitalization is a stressful and anxious event for children. Children with higher level of preoperative anxiety are at a greater risk for developing negative behavior postoperatively, and also cause parental anxiety. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an intervention program to reduce the level of anxiety for children and parents. This article introduced a preoperative preparation program based on family-centered care. The program was based on developmental characteristics of children, and provided psychological support and distraction techniques. Through the program, children will learn collaboration during surgical procedures through role play and by manipulating the medical instruments. The preoperative preparation program also considered the family as a whole, provided more pre-hospital information to reduce both parent's and children's anxiety, lower the incidence of negative behavior postoperatively, and take less painkiller medication in the recovery room. Therefore, the preoperative preparation program is recommended for clinical practice.