心臟術後的譫妄

Delirium after Cardiac Surgery

心臟術後譫妄是常見的健康問題。譫妄發生時所出現的急性認知功能改變，常使得病患出現明顯生理、認知及精神行為障礙等問題，並伴隨短期或長期的認知功能改變，甚至提高死亡率。術後認知功能改變所續發的醫療與健康照護問題，對於病患、家庭及社會可能帶來極大的影響。本文從譫妄與認知的關係，介紹心臟術後譫妄發生率、術後譫妄發生機轉、相關因素及一般譫妄的評估等，期能幫助臨床醫護人員主動覺察譫妄的發生並及時介入處置，以預防與處理可能發生的譫妄或（和）認知功能障礙。

Delirium after cardiac surgery is common and associated with acute cognitive dysfunction, physical, mental, and behavioral problems, as well as increased mortality. The impact is substantial for patients, families, and society as a whole. The aims of this article is to review the relationship between cognition and delirium, incidence and mechanism of delirium, factors associated with occurrence of delirium, as well as delirium identification and evaluation. By enhancing the awareness among professionals, action could be taken to identify delirium early and strategies applied to manage delirium and/or cognitive dysfunction.