新自由主義經濟社會發展與分配問題

Neo-liberal Socio-Economic Development and the Problem of Distribution

本文旨在探究新自由主義經濟社會發展策略與其造成的社會分配問題。自1980年代，幾乎世界各國都從事於新自由主義經濟自由化與開放市場的新發展策略，主張國家由供給面介入而給予企業有利的投資環境以帶動經濟成長。但其缺失不但在於國家政策過於向資本傾斜，也無法形成全面經濟復甦和長遠發展，更導致國家對日益嚴重的貧富差距問題束手無策，終而造成各國政權之正當性危機。尤其當今金融資本主義帶來經濟的短期不穩定成長，更是加深社會分配不平等，目前全球平均國內不平等已回到1820年的狀況。本文建議必須分別從全球與國內層次加以改革，包括國際經濟組織、金融資本主義運作模式，以及政府、企業與公民社會三者，都是責無旁貸的，未來也才有可能達成較公平且持續性的經濟社會發展。

This article examines the neo-liberal socio-economic development strategy and the subsequent problem of distribution. Since the 1980s, almost every country has adopted a new development strategy emphasizing neo-liberal economic liberalization and market openness. The strategy employs supply-side state intervention to foster a favorable investment environment for corporations to make profits and thus create economic growth. But the neo-liberal development pattern is excessively skewed toward capital and is incapable of producing sustained economic recovery and growth. It has also led the state to do little about the growing disparity between rich and poor, creating a crisis of political legitimacy. Finance capitalism in particular has produced short-term and unstable growth, pushing average domestic distribution inequality to levels not seen since 1820. This paper suggests urgent reforms must to be undertaken at both the global and national levels, including reform of international economic organizations and the operating patterns of finance capitalism. The state, businesses and civil society must all take part in these reforms for more equal and sustainable socio-economic development to be achieved in the future.