解嚴後臺灣政黨的競爭策略：Downs理論的再檢視

The Competitive Strategies of Political Parties in Taiwan after 1987: Downsian Theories Revisited

組織重組是近年來政府組織為回應治理環境的變遷與公民社會壓力所使用的策略。在地方政府改革的策略中，縣市合併被視為是提升行政效率、促進平等、增進課責，以及解決政府財政惡化等問題的主要途徑。2010年臺灣實施地方政府合併改制，可說是精省後最大的地方行政改革措施。世界各國縣市合併的行政措施已有近百年的實務經驗，而相關研究已有相當累積；反觀國內有關地方政府組織合併的相關研究，對於這個重要議題的投入及其研究成果相當有限。基於組織合併不僅是政府改革必須不斷面對的問題，也是行政改革、組織理論與行為、以及府際關係等領域核心的研究議題，因此有必要全面性地瞭解國內外縣市合併的經驗與相關研究焦點。本文首先有系統地整理並呈現，有關國內外不同地方政府或縣市合併所累積的研究成果，接續以內容分析方法，分析報章媒體中有關2009年縣市合併938篇的報導內容，並佐以縣市局處首長之訪談，以彙整國內高雄、臺南、臺中等三都，合併經驗中的重要議題。研究發現，在國內外過去的文獻中，甚少從個人與組織層次的角度，探討縣市合併的成敗因素，以及縣市合併所產生的影響，本文依據分析結果提出建議，做為未來學界研究議程的參考。希冀未來透過學界投入更多的系統性研究，為從事行政改革的實務者累積治理的智慧資產。

Organizational reinvention has become a critical strategy for government to respond to changing environments and the pressure from [the] civil society. Among the reorganization strategies for local governments, the 'city-county merger or consolidation' has been considered as a main approach to raising administrative efficiency, increasing service quality, improving accountability and solving the problem of local financial deterioration. In 2010, [the] city-county consolidation in Taiwan local governments can be seen as the most tremendous reformation after the downsizing of Taiwan's provincial government. In Western countries, there have not only been plenty of city-county consolidation cases, but there has also been quite a lot of research into this phenomenon. In Taiwan, only a few researchers have focused on this important issue. Organizational consolation is not only a continuous problem that governments have to confront, but is also an important academic issue in the study of bureaucracy reform, organizational theory, organizational behavior, and intergovernmental relations; therefore, it is necessary to organize the overall related experiences and researches, including Taiwan in addition to other countries. This research firstly sorts out and presents systematically the research of city-county consolidation of local governments in Taiwan and other countries. By analyzing the content of 938 newspaper reports and in-depth interviews, the authors considered the essential issues of city-county consolidation from the experience of Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. The results point out that there have been relatively few studies related to the factors in the success or failure of city-county consolidation and to its impact from the viewpoint of individual and organizational levels. Based on this analysis, we make recommendations for future academic agenda. We expect that in the future academia will undertake more systematic efforts to accumulate governance wisdom for those engaged in administrative reform.