政府訓練機構運用個案教學法的執行分析：公務人員薦任升簡任官等訓練個案

The Evaluation of Using the Case Method Teaching in the Government Managerial Promotion Training Program

2005－2009梅克爾組成了聯邦德國第二次的大聯合政府，執政的聯盟黨和德國社民黨在聯邦議會擁有近73%超高比例的席位。這段期間內，是否因為該結構性使然，在野小黨對執政黨之監督與制衡，就無用武之地？執政與在野各黨之間，是否就是壁壘分明之對立狀態？小黨勢力是否明顯受到壓制？事實證明並非如此，甚至出現大黨勢力衰退，小黨實力增長、執政選項變多的發展情勢。對此本文透過史托姆競爭性政黨行為理論的適用，就朝野政黨在國會的互動與政府官職取得進行討論。發現此一時期政黨領袖強度、政黨意識形態和邦政府的政黨執政選項，是影響朝野政黨實踐政黨目標的重要因素。此一時期，朝野政黨都以追求聯邦官職為目標，政黨實踐目標能力強者若與意識形態接近的執政黨接近，在立法政策議題上會有一定程度的夥伴合作，但監督關係則仍是朝野關係。官職追求上，除了左黨另行提出人選，其他四黨在2009年的聯邦總統選舉，和聯邦議會選舉爭取聯邦執政之位時，則打破原先的朝野界線，呈現傳統左右對抗之勢。如此一來，梅克爾大聯合政府時期的朝野關係極具特殊性，德國民主更為多元、責任政治也能落實。

From 2005 to 2009 Merkel built her grand coalition, the second grand coalition in the history of the FRG. Her government parties (Union party (CDU+CSU)+SPD) had around 73% of the seats in the German Bundestag. Under this hegemonic coalition structure some questions are worth discussing, such as whether the opposition played no check and balance role, were the relations between the opposition and the government tense or did they fight each other, and were the small parties suppressed? In fact, the previous phenomena did not appear. Conversely, the government parties declined in size, lost many votes, and the opposition developed stark.By using Kaare Strøm's theory of the behavior of competition parties, this paper discusses the parties' interactions in parliament (Bundestag and Bundesrat) and in federal offices (Federal president and Federal chancellor). The research shows there was intensity on the party leaders, and the policy position and coalition alternatives of local government s were key in impacting the party's goals. During this period, office-seeking was the common goal for all federal parties. This research includes several points: opposition and government parties had a certain degree of cooperation in the legislative processes, but the opposition played a good role to control the government. For office-seeking besides Link, parties, regardless of opposition or in power, built alliances on both the right and left and strived for the federal president and coalition. So the character of the parties' relations of Merkel's grand coalition is very unusual, but German democracy is more diverse and party accountability can also be implemented.