從地方建構區域：以東港為核心的新區域地理觀點

Construct Region from the Place: Donggang As The nucleus, in the Perspective of New Regional Geography

本研究利用歷史回溯的方式，以東港為經濟樞紐，連結商品出口點成為線狀的經濟鍊，建構出東港溪流域南北岸與國際經濟的區域，再利用新區域地理的觀點關注地方與區域的經濟關係。從東港歷史的回溯可以看出，十六世紀已經形成候鳥經濟連結中國東南與台灣西部沿海，而十七世紀上半葉在荷蘭時期建立的轉口貿易網絡已經架構了經濟區域的基本形態，明鄭與清康熙的經濟形態均承襲於此時期，延續的結果僅是流域經濟的向內延伸，重點是運輸網絡已經在東港形成經濟凝結核，只要網絡不斷裂，位於網絡周邊的商品都會被吸引入內。因此東港溪上游區域的形成，除了族群、文化或政治因素之外，經濟可視為背後最大的區域形成主導力，且清康熙四十年前後的經濟權繼承行為是關鍵點，並認為區域地理的研究須考量區域自身的動態本質，不侷限於已經僵化的區域範型。以經濟現實為區域基礎的研究顯示：十六世紀開始以資本積累為主要目的，建構起商品需求與供給兩地之間的層層剝削制度，最終導致區域內的資源枯竭、族群取代、階級流動等地方回應；荷蘭時期以台灣做為東亞的轉口貿易中心，再以大員為區域經濟的中心，東港獨特的鯔魚、鹿製品與稻穀是經濟鏈上的主要商品，多尺度的建構區域經濟，顯示出地理區位的重要功能，這個地理區位成為區域互動的媒介。區域經濟網絡的長期建構，開啟稅制的承襲，就漁業項目來說，不管是鯔漁、魚稅、港稅、港餉銀或烏魚旗，當區位不再重要時，資源的獨特性就會成為區域維繫者認同的焦點。

This study focused on the economic relationship between places and regions in the perspective of a new regional geography. We constructed the international economic region of South North Shore Donggang River by historical backtracking, and applied a new geographic location to understand the local and regional economic linkage. Donggang history shows an economic linkage between east-south of China and west coast of Taiwan in the 16th, and the basic structure of regional economic transit trade network were established during the first half of the 17th (Netherlands occupation period), and the economic structure was carried forward in Ming and Qing dynasty, resulting a successful extension of the basin economic. Economic condensation nucleus was formed in Donggang by linkage, and all commodities along the basin will continue to be attracted into the network as long as the linkage stayed connected. Economy can be regarded as the dominant factor for the formation of Donggang River upper stream region, besides ethnic, cultural or political factors, and the economic inherit rights around 1701 was also a key point. We propose a regional study shall consider the dynamic nature of the region itself, but not limited to the rigid paradigm. Base on regional economic reality, accumulation of capital became the main economic purpose in the 16th, the constructed system exploited the demand and supply of goods, eventually leading to the local response of resource depletion within the region, replacement of ethnicity, class mobility. Donggang's mullet, deer and rice were the main commodity linkage between Donggang and Tayuan. During the Netherlands occupation period, Taiwan was the trade center of East Asia, and Tayuan was the center of regional economic of Taiwan. By constructing regional economic by multiscale shows the important functions of geographic location, which could be a medium for interaction, and in long-term and taxation establishment, regardless of mullet fisheries, fish tax, port tax, port of soldier's pay or mullet flag, the unique nature of resource will be the focus of approve when the location was insignificance.