贊助對臺灣文學英譯的發展與傳介之影響

The Influence of Patronage on the Development and Dissemination of English Translations of Taiwan's Literature

此研究探討贊助行為如何操縱翻譯活動。文中以勒菲弗爾的翻譯文學贊助理論和翻譯如同改寫觀念為研究架構，來探究贊助對臺灣文學英譯發展的影響以及專業人士和贊助者如何從贊助的角色，參與和操控臺灣文學的翻譯活動。為此，本文首先溯源自1950年以來，臺灣文學翻譯的發展歷史和相關活動，以闡明有關當局與專業人士如何以贊助者的觀點，透過臺灣文學英譯，將臺灣推介到全世界。另外，再以勒菲弗爾的翻譯理論，來探討贊助的角色及其對臺灣文學英譯發展的影響。研究結果不僅證實贊助在臺灣文學英譯發展中確實扮演一個非常重要的角色，也為此理論帶來另一視野，那是因為在臺灣文學英譯的發展上，有些「專業人士」同時兼具「贊助者」的角色，以雙重或多重身份實際地參與、贊助和重寫臺灣文學翻譯的內涵及萬象，將臺灣英譯文學作為介紹臺灣並將臺灣推向世界的工具及方法，以凸顯臺灣特有的社會文化、地理環境、歷史背景和政治變遷等特色。經由贊助行為與活動，有關當局與專業人士不僅以臺灣文學翻譯來譯介臺灣，更將臺灣文學推向世界文學的舞台，以提高臺灣在國際社會的能見度。

This study analyzes the ways in which translations of texts are manipulated by influential patrons. Using the framework of Lefevere's theoretical concept of patronage as a control factor in translated literature and the idea of translation as rewriting, this paper explores the influence of patronage on the history and development of the translation of Taiwan's literature into English. More specifically, it seeks to show how certain professionals and patrons have manipulated the practice of translating Taiwan's literature. The paper traces the historical development of the practice of translating Taiwan's literary works from the 1950's onward, to illuminate how the English renditions of this literature are used by certain authoritative figures who, acting in effect as patrons, have introduced Taiwan to the world. More generally, based on Lefevere's theory, it looks at the role of patronage and its influence on the development of this particular translation practice. The findings of the study confirm that the patron indeed plays an important role in translation activities. They also enrich Lefevere's theory of patronage in the system of translated literature inasmuch as some patrons as well as professionals also serve to rewrite the original Taiwan's literature through their English renditions, which are consequently used to introduce and promote Taiwan to the world, for example by featuring its unique social culture, geographical surroundings, historical background and political transformations. Through the performance of such patronizing translations, Taiwan is introduced to the world through its literature, giving it greater international visibility.