建構霸凌行為之需求類型研究

Constructing the Typology of Psychological Needsbehind Bullying

相關文獻顯示現有霸凌分類概念對諮商介入的應用有限、抑或缺乏實徵基礎，故本研究擬從霸凌行為背後的心理需求之角度切入，透過實務工作者的經驗敘說、概念抽取，以彙整出分類架構，做為霸凌者諮商的參考。為達此研究目的，本研究在方法學上以建構主義典範為基礎，邀請10位長期從事霸凌者諮商的專業人員進行訪談，並在社會建構的思惟下，以協同方式進行質性資料的樣版式分析。本研究結果共得七項霸凌行為的心理需求，包括玩樂/錯誤的探索行為、引起注意、同儕歸屬、自我認同的追尋，權力與掌控、宣洩與爆發、生理作用。研究者亦嘗試從諮商理論與技術的觀點對結果進行討論，思索其對實務工作的意涵。

Some of the existed typologies of bully are not efficient to infer counseling treatments of bullying, and the othersare not derived from evidence-base researches. It is an urgent need of a typology of bully with both counseling function and empirical base. This study, from the perspectives of psychological needs, tries to abstract the rationales from the experience of senior bullying counselors, and then build up a new set of typology of bullying which could be a sorting flame for counselors to efficaciously design strategies modifying bullying. This study bases on constructivism paradigm. Ten senior counselors are invited as interviewees for deeply semi-structure interviews during the data collection. The result defines 7 psychological needs behind the bullying. These needs and discussions related as follows: (a) Look for fun or naively explore the interactions: Describing this need comes from the viewpoints of bullies, so it may be controvertible to the perspectives which are built on the side of the bullied, (b)Attract notice from others: This need describes the rationale that individual would behave badly to acquire notice rather than follow the rules without caresfrom others, (c) Earn peer belongingness: Adolescences value the peer acceptance so much that he is pressured to do the same thing (bully) as them, which will convince him that he belongs to his peer group, (d) Pursue self-identification: When some of teenagers embody wrong belief as his practicing of self-realization, they may become the bullies, (e) Acquire power and control others: From certain perspectives, bulling could be seen as improper expectations and satisfaction of power.(f) Catharsis and flare up: For many instances of bullies, under the appearance of extreme fierceness, the psychological functions of some bullies are really vulnerable, (g) Physiology mechanism: In some cases, bullying might be part of the symptoms of psychological disorder which trigger violence if the client does not find proper ways to transport his overflowing energy.