霸凌受害、霸凌他人至充權：大學女性年少時期言語或關係、霸凌經驗探討

From Victim, to Buily, to Empowerment: College Women's Narration About Processes of Empowerment

言語與關係霸凌為女性間常見之霸凌形式，但實證研究甚少關注霸凌受害者之充權歷程。因此，本研究欲深入探討大學女性在年少時期言語或關係霸凌經驗，以瞭解其受害因應、從受害轉變為霸凌者和終止霸凌之充權。以生命史研究設計，採立意選樣法，邀請六位大學女性進行至少二次個別深度訪談，並運用逐行逐句方式分析口述資料，形成受害階段因應、變成霸凌者和霸凌終止三類屬。霸凌受害階段之內在因應包含情緒、認知和行為因應三項次主題，其人際因應顯現在能否有朋友、考驗親子關係、師長能否救我三項。轉變為霸凌者關鍵在於權力反轉，尤其是外在環境改變時抓緊轉機、從眾求自保、對權力信念之轉變。在霸凌他人的階段，對權力有凌駕感、優越感、正當感、不安感；其人際因應方面，相信有權力就有人緣、校園變友善。能夠成功終止霸凌，源於權力使用之環境轉變、個人自我覺察和同理心。依上述研究結果，反思未來研究、實務、理論建構之可行性。

Verbal and relationship bullying are the most common types of bullying among females. However, little is known about how adolescent girls who are victims of bullying become bullies themselves, and then what makes them stop these violent behaviors. The purpose of the current study is to explore the processes of moving from being bullied, to bullying, to, empowerment. A life-history approach was used to collect data from six undergraduate women, recruited by purposive sampling. In-depth interviews with the participants were audiotaped and transcribed. A line-by-line approach was used to develop themes. Three major categories, being a victim of a bully, becoming a bully, and meaning-making after stopping bullying, resulted from the analysis. The category of being a victim of a bully reflects on themes of individual coping and interpersonal coping. The category of becoming a bully included themes of power reversal and beliefs in power. The category of meaning-making after stopping bullying embraced changes in one's living environment and personal changes, including self-awareness and empathy with victims. Limitations of the study, implications of the results, and suggestions for future research are further addressed.