林可勝（1897－1969）：闇聲晦影的中研院院士與國防醫學院院長

Robert K.S. Lim (1897-1969): Academician of Academia Sinica and Chancellor of National Defense Medical Center in Silent Shadow

林可勝，這位二十世紀上半期的國際知名醫界人士，歷史學者熊秉真曾認為其生平貢獻主要有兩個不同的方向：生理學的教學與研究，和抗戰時期之救護及軍醫制度的建立與發展。由他參與策劃的中央研究院生物醫學研究所，和國防醫學院及其相關體系，如今已不復見於中國大陸，純然為臺灣學、醫兩界指標性的機構。然相較於林氏在二十世紀國際生理學的崇高地位，他的盛名卻在帶領國防醫學院遷臺，協助中央研究院籌設動物學研究所後，迅速從臺灣醫學教育及衛生行政的領域中退潮，僅臺灣醫學史研究者偶有浮光掠影地敘述。儘管林可勝在臺滯留短暫，卻仍為戰後臺灣醫療衛生引進許多殖民時期未見的新制度與學科發展，如總醫院、衛生所體制，與神經生理學等。本文擬將林可勝的生平起伏，置於中國近代史與醫學史的脈絡中予以解讀。由於林可勝身兼華僑、醫學家、愛國主義者，與現代中國醫護制度建立者之諸多形象，本研究除稍補史家對其生平敘述之不足，兼以史料略窺相關爭議的原委外，更欲呼應近來臺灣史學界倡議之「鑲嵌、轉化」概念，藉林氏個案探索戰後臺灣醫療衛生制度與大陸經驗鑲嵌之始點。

Robert K.S. Lim, a famous physiologist, contributed greatly to the teaching and research on physiology and played a key role in the development of military medical system during the Sino-Japanese War. Founded under his inspiration and design, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica and the National Defense Medical Center are dazzling monuments for Taiwan's advance in biomedical sciences and modern medical education, respectively. However, compared with his international eminent status in physiology in the early 20th century, Robert Lim's name was soon forgotten after the above two institutes were established, and he was only mentioned by medical historians in the narratives of medical development in Taiwan. By accessing archives at various locations such as Rockefeller Archive Center (New York, US), Shanghai Municipal Archive, and Archive Room at National Defense Medical Center (Taiwan), the authors explored comprehensively Robert Lim's contribution and historical roles. This article aims to portray Robert Lim's career within the context of history of China and modern medicine as well as the multiple roles he played. Moreover, this study supplements the missing facets of contemporary studies on Robert Lim, and contributes to unveil the establishment of modern public health and medical care system in post-WWII Taiwan by a group of mainlanders who came to Taiwan during the 1949 retreat.