放眼帝國、伺機而動：在朝鮮學醫的臺灣人

Seizing Opportunities in the Empire: Taiwanese Medical Students in Colonial Korea

二十世紀前半期，在帝國主義全盤籠罩的東亞世界中，一切交流網絡易於被吸納為以殖民母國──日本為核心的放射狀結構，導致臺灣與朝鮮雖同屬日本殖民地，兩者之間的直接往來卻被嚴格控制，包括其間人群的移動。帝國內部看似有活潑的人員流動，實際上大部分是以帝國官僚制度為管道的「人才周流」。日治時期臺灣及朝鮮之間的直接航線很少，在帝國內，除了統治者所提供的內地留學或產業殖民之外，臺灣人或朝鮮人的其他發展管道並不多，導致殖民地之間人民相互遷徙的人數屈指可數。令人注目的是，自1930年代後半起，朝鮮的醫學教育系統中──如京城醫學專門學校、平壤醫學專門學校及大邱醫學專門學校，以及當時朝鮮最高學府的京城帝國大學醫學部，都曾出現過臺灣留學生。雖然人數有限，但在由日本人與朝鮮人占據絕大多數的朝鮮醫學教育系統中，他們不僅是特殊例外，也是極少數親身經歷殖民地朝鮮經驗的一批臺灣人。本文藉由相關資料的爬梳與整理，除了把握這些臺灣學生的正確人數與分布之外，將透過瞭解驅使其往朝鮮留學之動能，與日本帝國轄下之不同社會脈絡，從中進一步思考處於殖民統治下的臺灣年輕人，在何等的世界認知中，尋找升學機會並規劃自我的未來。

Imperialism loomed over the entire East Asia in the first half of the 20th century, with Japan being the major colonial empire in Asia Pacific. Soaking up all networks of its colonies, Imperial Japan established its predominant status and imposed stringent regulations on interflow among its colonies in the region, with Taiwan and Korea being no exception. In other words, strict colonial rule of the Japanese had severed mutual interaction and free flow of population between Taiwan and Korea. The seemingly active interchange of people within the Japanese empire was mainly 'the flow of administrators under colonial bureaucracy'. There was no direct transportation route between Taiwan and Korea. Apart from the few openings for overseas studies or industrial colonization offered by the imperial empire, there was no interflow of people among the colonies. Hence, one could hardly find Taiwanese in Colonial Korea or Koreans in Colonial Taiwan; and this situation persisted till the end of Japanese colonial rule. Nevertheless, beginning from the 1930s, a small number of Taiwanese were found pursuing medical studies at the Keijo Medical College, Heijo Medical College, Daikyu Medical College and Keijo Imperial University in Colonial Korea. Though these Taiwanese medical students were few, never more than a hundred, they were indeed rare and exceptional cases in the medical education system under the Japanese Colonial Government of Korea. These Taiwanese medical students were also the only group who had first-hand experience of life in Colonial Korea in that era. This research aims to explore why and how these Taiwanese chose to pursue medical studies in Colonial Korea. Depicting their life and experience in this foreign land also shed light on the encounter of Taiwanese in another East Asian colony during that time. In addition, by examining how these Taiwanese medical students got involved with Korea in the postwar era, we can catch a glimpse of how imperialism and colonialism penetrated and assumed control over and beyond the colonial era.