日治時期臺灣「雙語學歷菁英世代」及其政治實踐：以草屯洪姓一族為例

Bilingual Elites in Colonial Taiwan: Cases of Three Members From the Hung Clan in Caotun Township

日本統治之初，殖民政府除藉由軍事討伐以鎮壓各地武裝抗日分子外，為了落實和推行殖民政策，一方面籠絡鄉紳階層出錢出力，協助殖民統治；一方面則積極設立新式學校，招募鄉紳階層的年輕子弟就讀，以培養殖民統治所需的近代化人才─「雙語學歷菁英」。而以草屯地域來看，這批雙語學歷菁英在長達半個世紀的殖民統治中，不論是對殖民地政府或地域社會，都扮演著重要且發揮相當作用的角色。　本文是以草屯地域與抗日運動領導者之一的洪元煌同屬洪姓一族的三位雙語學歷菁英─洪清江（1881－1964）、洪深坑（1897－1941）和吳萬成（1902－？）為例，具體論述三人自國語學校畢業後，一直到殖民統治體制崩壞前，在殖民政府的政策推動與地域社會臺灣人自治傳統維繫之間，如何從事政治實踐的歷程。　從結果來看，原任公學校訓導的三人，在日本統治時期，參與殖民政治的程度卻深淺不同。洪清江因職務關係（區長後出任助役）介入最深，洪深坑（官製青年團運動）其次，吳萬成則不僅涉入最淺（僅曾任公學校訓導），且對殖民統治體制批判最厲。由此可以看出，雙語學歷菁英的政治參與和政治實踐，呈現出多元多重的樣貌。

In the early days of Japanese rule, the colonial government on the one hand used force to suppress the local anti-Japanese militia, while on the other involved Taiwanese gentries in local administration. The education system was reformed and new public schools were established for the children of local gentries with the aim to cultivate 'bilingual elites' equipped with modern ideas who could contribute to colonial administration. In the case of Caotun Township, these educated elites well versed in both Chinese and Japanese had played important roles in both the colonial government and the local regional society during the Japanese rule for almost half a century. This paper studies the anti-colonial movement led by Hung Yuan-huang at Caotun, focusing in particular on influential figures of his clan who sided with Hung and supported his cause. Like Hung Yuan-huan himself, many of his kinsmen in Caotun received both traditional Chinese learning and modern colonial education. After graduating from the Japanese Language School, the highest educational institute of the time, many of them served as teachers at local elementary schools. Tracing the teaching career of three Taiwanese young teachers, Hung Qing-jiang, Hung Shen-keng and Wu Wan-cheng, all from the Hung clan, this paper portrays the different strategies they adopted when caught up in their conflicting roles as agents implementing colonial policies and as local elites promoting social autonomy.