跨界者的跨界與虛構：陶晶孫小說〈淡水河心中〉顯現的戰後臺灣社會像

Boarder Crossing and Fiction: Social Phenomena of Postwar Taiwan in Tao Jing-sun's 'Double Suicide at Tamsui River'

本文以〈淡水河心中〉（淡水河殉情）日文小說為中心，旨在探討中國著名現代作家陶晶孫的多重跨界書寫。陶晶孫（1897－1952）畢業於九州帝國大學醫學部，曾參與文學團體「創造社」及「中國左翼作家聯盟」活動。抗日戰爭期間，任上海自然科學研究所衛生研究室主任。1945年日本戰敗後，隔年前往臺灣擔任臺灣大學熱帶醫學研究所教授，1950年4月亡命日本。1951年4月，應東京大學之聘擔任兼任講師，在文學部講授中國文學史，並展開旺盛的創作活動，受到當時日本文壇矚目。惜1952年2月因病急逝。在不到一年的文學活動中，陶晶孫遺留的日文作品多是散文、隨筆，〈淡水河心中〉是他遺留的唯一創作小說。這些日文遺作在陶晶孫逝世後被集結為《日本への遺書》（給日本的遺書），於1952年10月出版（東京：創元社），12月又再版，隔年3月又出第三版，在日本文壇得到相當的評價。從陶晶孫的經歷中可以窺見其跨空間與跨文化的生活經驗，本文想藉由作者這篇至今仍未有中文譯文的〈淡水河心中〉，探討「跨界者」陶晶孫的臺灣行旅及小說中所呈現出的殖民記憶、認同想像與文化、語言的跨界議題等戰後初期臺灣社會像。

This article explores the work: 'Double Suicide at Tamsui River.' 'Double Suicide at Tamsui River' written in Japanese by the well-known modern Chinese writer Tao Jing-sun. Tao Jing-sun (1897-1952) graduated from the medical School of Kyūshū University and was an active member of literary groups such as The Creative Society and The Alliance of Chinese Left Wing Writers. During the Sino-Japanese War, he served as the head of the Research Center for Natural Science in Shanghai. In 1946, one year after Japan's defeat, he assumed the Professorship at the Center for Tropical Medicine at Taiwan University in Taipei but later defected to Japan in 1950. In April 1951, he became an instructor at the University of Tokyo, teaching Chinese literary history at the School of Literature. At the same time, he began his writing career and gradually gained public attention in Japan. Unfortunately, his literary career was cut short by his sudden death in February 1952. Most of his writings are non-fictional essays with only one short novel 'Double Suicide at Tamsui River.' His works were collected in a volume titled: Final Words to Japan, which was published in October 1952 (Tokyo: Sōgensha). The second print was issued in December, and a third print was added in March 1953, all receiving rave review in Japan. Tao Jing-sun's life reflects the cross-cultural experience of many intellectuals of his time. With reference to his only short novel, which has not yet been translated into Chinese, this paper examines issues that were pertinent to the postwar Taiwanese society, such as colonial memory, cultural imagination and identity, and the crossing of linguistic boundaries.