「文明之音」的變奏：明治晚期到昭和初期臺灣的近代化音樂論述

Variation of the 'Sound of Civilization': Modern Discourse on Music in Taiwan from the Late Meiji to the Early Shōwa Period

1895年清廷於中日甲午戰爭挫敗，隨後簽訂馬關條約將臺灣割讓給日本。同年6月，總督府首任學務部長伊澤修二於「芝山巖學堂」開啟了殖民地教育，並於1896年和1898年陸續制定「國語傳習所規則」、「國語學校規則」和「臺灣公學校規則」，明文規定了「唱歌」教育的內容，在推動「國語教育」之後，也在臺灣全島依「同化」與「啟蒙」兩大主軸展開了近代化音樂教育。而在學校教育以外，日治時期臺灣的報章雜誌也存在著因應不同時期社會文化所需的音樂論述。它們的數量或許不多，但配合演講、講習、慈善音樂會、唱片音樂會的舉辦和音樂團體的組織，這些論述對於近代化音樂理念的推廣仍扮演著知識傳播與觀念開啟的重要功能。本文首先就伊澤修二的近代化音樂教育理念作一勾勒，以呈現此一東亞近代音樂思想的重要源頭。其次本文將以日治時期迄於1930年以前，刊載於兩份重要報章雜誌，具有社會文化啟蒙意義的音樂論述為主要探討對象：從明治末期高橋二三四、山口東軒、魏清德等人發表在《臺灣教育會雜誌》的文字，臺灣本島第一位近代音樂家張福興於明治末期至大正年間發表在《臺灣日日新報》的訪談和日治時期臺灣最重要的音樂教師一條慎三郎於大正年間發表在《臺灣教育會雜誌》的兩篇演講稿，一直到日本音樂學者田邊尚雄於1922年訪臺期間所作的演講，和小提琴家李金土於1927年發表在《臺灣教育會雜誌》的文字，以此探討這些論述所具有的近代化啟蒙理念與隱藏其間的同化意涵。

After the First Sino-Japanese War, with the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Taiwan was ceded by the Qing Dynasty to Japan. In June 1895, the colonial educational system was established in the School of Zhisanyen by the first Director of Educational Affairs, Izawa Shiuzi. Between 1896 and 1898, rules and regulations related to schools and national language education were enacted. Apart from language learning, singing lessons were also made compulsory for school students. Hence, with objectives of fostering assimilation and providing enlightenment, these singing lessons set the stage for modern music education in Taiwan. Besides music being taught at school, modern discourses on music were published in newspapers and magazines in colonial Taiwan. Though limited in quantity, these publications together with lectures, seminars, charity concerts, as well as activities organized by record companies and music associations, helped popularize modern music playing a dual role in knowledge dissemination and introduction of new ideas. This article begins with a brief account of Izawa's modern idea of music education, highlighting its importance as one of the origins of modern music thinking among Asian intellectuals. Then musical discourses bearing the significance of enlightening the social culture published before 1930 were explored. These publications by both Japanese and Taiwanese teachers as well as intellectuals included essays of Takahashi Hymiyo, Yamaguchi Tōken, and Wei Qingde published at the end of Meiji period in the Taiwan kyōikukai zashi; interviews with Zhang Fuxing published between the late Meiji and Taishō periods in the Taiwan nichinichi shinpō, lectures of Ichizyou Shinzaburou and Tanabe Hisao, a famous musicologist from Tokyo, published in the Taishō period in the Taiwan kyōikukai zashi, and the writings of Li Jingtu published in the same magazine in the beginning of Shōwa period. Exploring these publications of various styles and different themes can shed light on the enlightenment on modernization these discourses brought about and their hidden theme of cultural assimilation.