林占梅的書畫藝術世界－－以「潛園琴餘草」為主要分析依據

The Art of Lin Chan-mei's Calligraphy and Painting: An Analysis Based on the Ch'ien-yüαn ch'in-yü-ts'ao

1684年臺灣被劃屬於清朝轄區之後的一百多年間，游宦、游幕一直都是主導臺灣傳統書畫藝術發展的串場人物。到了十九世紀初葉，因政治、經濟、教育、文化的轉變，在籍臺灣文人士紳始逐漸抬頭，成為帶領各領域發展的重要人物。竹塹林恆茂家族的林占梅即是其中的一位代表性人物。林占梅不但在清道、咸、同年間協助滿清朝廷戢災弭亂，同時也醉心於吟哦寄興，因而他在臺灣歷史及文學史中，既是地位顯著的社會領袖，也是情文並茂的詩人。透過解析林占梅的詩集《潛園琴餘草》、其他文人的詩文集及流傳於新竹的逸史雜記，我們知道他在書畫藝術方面亦有不俗的表現與成就，相當受到當時文藝界人士的欣賞與讚嘆。雖然林氏的繪畫作品現已不存，然而本文希望透過分析他的詩集、書法遺迹、正史、及野史，探討林氏的書畫鑑賞、創作及其影響層面。林占梅的書畫創作與鑑賞活動，具有區域與區域文化交流的特質。他在藝術創作上雖是從研習傳統文人派別出發，然而卻以灑脫雄勁、逸出畦逕的閩、浙派風格為最後的依歸。因而透過對林占梅在書畫創作與鑑賞方面的個案研究，對十九世紀及二十世紀前半葉臺灣傳統書畫演變的樣貌，極具有釐清及建構的雙重功能。

Taiwan became part of the Ch'ing Dynasty in 1684 and for more than one hundred years the development of Taiwanese traditional calligraphy and painting was dominated by Ch'ing officials and their advisors who came from the mainland. Not until the early 19th century, as a result of political, economic, and cultural change, did local Taiwanese elites begin to come to the fore. One such person was Lin Chan-mei, a member of the Lin Hen-mao family of Chi-ch'ien. Lin Chan-mei not only contributed to alleviating natural disasters and quelling rebellions, but also indulged in writing poems during the Tao-kuang (1821-1850) and T'ung-chih (1862-1874) reigns. He was both a prominent social leader and a sentimental and expressionist poet who should not be left out of the history of Taiwanese literature. By analyzing his poetry in Ch'ien-yu-ts'ao, the poetry of other literati, and the legends and history of the Hsinchu area, we learn that he also earned an excellent reputation for calligraphy and painting. Because none of his paintings survive, this essay attempts to interpret Lin Chan-mei's aesthetics, creativity, and influence by analyzing his poetry, calligraphy, and official and non-official historical records. The activities of Lin Chan-mei reflect various cultural currents. He originally began in the traditional Literati school style, but developed into the unconventional Min-Che style. Thus, the study of Lin Chan-mei's art and aesthetics helps to clarify and re-construct the history of Taiwanese traditional calligraphy and painting from the 19th to the early 20th century.