清代臺灣之廳制－－以淡水廳為例

The T'ing System of Taiwan in the Ch'ing Dynasty: An Example of Tan-shui T'ing

清康熙二十二年（1683）滿清征服臺灣，次年在臺灣、澎湖設置臺灣府，其下設置臺灣、鳳山和諸羅三縣。雍正元年（1723）滿清政府基於國防和治安的理由，在諸羅縣的大甲溪以北別置一臺灣府的分支機關，名為淡水廳。雍正五年澎湖設一與縣同級的廳；雍正九年淡水廳改為與縣同級的廳。自是而後至同治十三年（1874），淡水廳一直未被裁撤，其地位也一直與縣級機關相等。本篇論文內容除敘述淡水廳的設置情形外，首先分析淡水廳及其附屬官署之巡檢、縣丞、儒學的組織和職掌；其次探討淡水廳之使用經費分配與官員差役之待遇；再次是考察淡水廳之首長（同知）的任期、差役之待遇、官員之任期，和官員出身之族別、籍貫、學歷等課題都有統計數據，藉以增加讀者對問題的瞭解更具體的印象。

In the twenty-second year of the Kang-hsi康熙reign (1683), the Ch'inggovernment took over Taiwan. In the following year, Taiwan Prefecture 臺灣府was established to govern Taiwan and Penghu澎湖. Three counties-Taiwan, Fengshan 鳳山and Chulou諸羅were established under the Taiwan Prefecture. In the first year of the Yung-cheng雍正reign (1723), owing to the need of national defense and security, the Ch'ing government established another branch office of the Taiwan Prefecture north of the river of Ta-chia-ch'i大甲溪in the county of Chulou, which was so-called Tan-shui T'ing淡水廳. In the fifth year of the Yung-cheng reign, a ting was established in Penghu which wasthe same level as a county. In the ninth year of the Yung-cheng reign, Tan-shui T'ing was changed to the some level as a county. From this time on until the thirteenth year of the T'ung-chih同治reign, Tan-shui T'ing was not withdrawn, and its position was always the same as that of the county. In this paper, aside from discussing the establishment of the Tan-shui T'ing, I will analyze first Tan-shui T'ing and its subordinate governmental officials, such as itinerary investigator, the deputy county magistrate and the organization, as well as the duty of the Confucian school system.. Secondly, I will probe the spending budget distribution of Danshui Ting and salaries of officials and clerks. Thirdly, I will examine the term of the subprefect of Tan-shui T'ing (tung-chih 同知), the manner of his appointment, his lineage background, birthplace and education. We have collected statistical data in the above-mentioned topics in order to provide amore specific impression towards the readers.