日治台灣街庄行政（1920－1945）的編制與運作：街庄行政相關名詞之探討

Township Administration in Wartime Taiwan Under Japanese Rule (1920-1945): The Terms in Question

日治臺灣的街行政為殖民街治模式建立了一種史學實證和理論典範。本文試圖探應討一九二○至一九四五年間臺灣街庄行政的編制與運作，從制度史的角度上釐清日治臺灣地方行政的演變，並進而探討日治臺灣街庄行政的歷史意義。日治下的臺灣地方行政有兩大系統，一是警政系統下的保甲制度，一是行政系統下的街庄行政。本研究乃作者對於日治臺灣保甲制度研究興趣的延伸，但街庄行政這個課題實際上是一個全新的嘗試。本文是筆者進行中「街庄行政」研究計劃下第一個研究成果。本文拋磚引玉，擬先自街庄行政之相關名詞的闡釋著眼去發掘問題，探討街庄行政的功能及其演化，解釋其職責、權限、稅收，以及街庄與街庄組合和公共組合之冒的關係，並試提出街庄行政的實質內涵及其「委任」事務，以期釐清相督名詞之涵義，並為未來街庄行的有關研究提供一些方向。

This paper examines the organization and operation of the township administration in Taiwan between 1920 and 1945. The township administration on Taiwan under Japanses rule was based on two systems: One was the hoko system of the police administration, while the other was the township government of the administrative system. The research findings her basically extend my earlier study of the hoko system. As a research topic, 'tonship administration in colonial Taiwan'is a pioneer study. This paper is the first part of my ongoing research project into 'Township administration'. The research on the local administrative system of the period of Japanese rule is the basis for understanding the history of Janese rule in Taiwan, and the township administration is one such crucial cutting point. This paper focuses on the terms in question in the local administration of colonial Taiwan, while examining the operation and evolution of the township administration. It attempts to explain the duties, limitations on power, and the taxation system of township governments, as well as the relation between township governments (gaisho), township associations (gaisho kumiai), and public associations (kokyo kumiai). Finally, this paper seeks to explore the nature of the township administration by looking into its 'devoleved duites' (inin jimmu)and related terms.