從觀光凝視到旅居實作：一個臺灣和日本遊學生的比較民族誌研究

From Tourist Gaze to Sojourning Practice: A Comparative Ethnographic Study of Taiwanese Students in Tokyo and Japanese Students in Taipei

本研究嘗試回答討論三個問題：（一）什麼樣的主流觀光凝視，在臺、日之間，透過哪些媒介和論述被建構起來？（二）臺、日遊學生如何透過旅居生活的各種文化實作，修正與轉化先前凝視建構？（三）旅居者的文化認知框架與認同，是否因此產生反思？研究者在2009-2012年期間，於東京和臺北兩地的語言學習機構進行田野訪調。本文首先對觀光凝視概念提出修正意見，並延展旅居研究的當代意義，討論旅居實作中的二次凝視。研究發現，原初由媒體所建構的主流觀光凝視：「現代化新潮的日本」與「充滿懷舊感的臺灣」，在臺、日遊學生旅居彼此國家後，產生了轉折不同但變化邏輯相近的後續發展；且這些旅居者對自我與他者文化的認同感，亦因此產生了跨界與反思的可能。

Through a comparative ethnography (fieldwork in 2009–2012 in Taipei and Tokyo), this paper examines: (1) what kinds of tourist gazes are constructed by Taiwanese/Japanese and by what means; (2) how Taiwanese/Japanese sojourning practices could be alternative movements to facilitate some transformations of the gaze construction; (3) how sojourn experiences change Taiwanese and Japanese cross-cultural imagination and identification, as well as intensify their frequent interaction across cultures. This paper firstly revises the widely quoted concept “tourist gaze” by articulating sociological studies regarding sojourns and then elaborating a new framework of the “second gaze” in sojourning practices. Furthermore, the paper shows the various ways in which the constructed images of “trendy Japan” (for the Taiwanese) and “nostalgic Taiwan” (for the Japanese) meet actual sojourning experiences in Tokyo and Taipei respectively, as well as how the actual encounters transform or reconfirm the two nationalities’ sense of identification with the Other and themselves.